In this paper, middle-of-line (MOL) plasma etch development results for the monolithic CFET integration with nanosheet devices using scaling-relevant test vehicle (CPP48nm) are presented. Several critical MOL patterning steps are addressed, with the focus on the patterning of the trenches (M0) for contacting to the bottom and top devices. The patterning of M0A consists of SiO2 dielectric and thin SiN liner etch landing on epitaxial source drain (S/D). The critical M0 etch requirement is preserving the SiN gate spacer to avoid shorting between S/D and gate. Due to no-gate plug implementation in the process flow, the etch development must rely on very challenging, patterning the small critical dimension (CD) contacts to create enough dielectric barrier between the metal contact and the gate, and preferably, also very challenging, self-alignment to the thin gate spacer. The dependance of the M0 CD and the etch depth is accessed by using the range of the EUV lithography conditions and evaluating the maximum etch depth of the trench as a function of the printed CD. The minimum trench CD achieved on the bottom of the trench is ~ 13nm, and the minimum top CD in the range of ~ 16nm, with the evident etch non-uniformity observed in the etch depth. The trend of larger contact CD resulting in the deeper etch and process uniformity improvement is observed. Etch depth larger than 100nm is achieved when top M0 CD is >20nm. The option with the SiN liner deposition followed by SiN liner etch (spacer formation) post- M0 SiO2 is developed. This patterning sequence consists of SiO2 etch stopping on the thin SiN (over S/D) followed by additional SiN deposition and finally etching of the deposited SiN liner as well as SiN liner covering S/D. The option with SiN spacer formation minimizes the risk of short to the gate, due to extra SiN dielectric film protecting the gate. In addition, we present the results for another critical MOL patterning step, i.e., HAR metal recess post M0 metallization (AR~11)
Directed self-assembly (DSA) process has been introduced and developed for more than a decade as one of the alternative advanced patterning techniques in the semiconductor industry. Block copolymer (BCP) is self-assembling into the desired pattern on the lithographically defined pre-pattern on the wafer. Such a bottom-up approach is used to define the pattern which is typically hard to achieve with the traditional top-down approach. As an example, the density of the pattern can be increased with DSA by the factor of 3 or 4 from the 193i lithography pattern. Although similar dimension becomes now accessible with EUV lithography, DSA keeps its benefit; the structure is simply defined by the phase separation of materials rather than the complex light-matter interactions as required for EUV resist patterning. In this presentation, we will discuss the synergetic impact of the combination of EUV and DSA.
Buried power rail (BPR), a novel integration approach for further device scaling, brings in new patterning needs and requirements, the most importantly, the challenging middle-of-line (MOL) patterning process steps. In this paper, some of the critical plasma dry etch development processing results for the FinFET device flow with BPR integrated are presented. Mainly, the study was focused on plasma dry etch development of high aspect ratio Via contact to BPR metal (VBPR) and Trench contact etch (M0A) to the source/drain (S/D) device region. We demonstrate the short-free M0A (no attack on the neighboring gates) contact etch to the S/D, with the high etch selectivity values obtained in case of the dielectric SiO2 trench etch to the thin Si3N4 liner (deposited over epitaxial S/D), and subsequently the high selectivity values during SiN liner etch to the underlying S/D (SiN liner etch results in 0nm epitaxial film loss). Patterning of high aspect ratio (HAR) Via consisting of the multi-stack, SiO2/SiN/SiO2/SiN dielectric, landing on the bottom BPR metal was achieved, with the target critical dimension (CD) required to avoid shorting to the adjacent gates. Additionally, we report our learnings on how choice of buried power metal (W, Ru and Mo) impacts the etch requirements, i.e., the etch challenges associated by using Ru and Mo as a replacement for standardly used W metal.
As conventional pitch scaling is saturating, scaling boosters such as buried power rail (BPR) [1-4] and its extension to backside power delivery (BSPDN) [5, 6] could provide 20% and 30% area gain [7], respectively. BPR can also help to improve SRAM design [8] and is a building block in novel architectures such as CFET [9, 10], for technology scaling beyond the 3 nm CMOS node. The two main features of BPR technology include: (i) the introduction of BPR metal within the fin module (fig. 1). Metal insertion in front-end-ofline (FEOL) has a risk of tool/wafer cross-contamination. Ensuring that BPR metal is fully encapsulated during contamination critical processes such as epitaxy, is therefore, essential. A proper choice of metal limits the risk of device performance/reliability degradation from metal diffusion & mechanical stress. (ii) The addition of VBPR via connections from M0A contact level to the BPR lines. Its challenges include high aspect ratio (AR) patterning, achieving low resistance (R) and reliable contact with BPR. This paper reports an overview of BPR/Via-to-BPR (VBPR) module development and metallization options at BPR and VBPR.
In 5 nm FinFET technology and beyond, SRAM cell size reduction to 6 tracks is required with a fin pitch of 24 nm. Fin depopulation is mandatory to enable the area scaling, but it becomes challenging at small pitches. In the first part, each process flow is simulated in order to obtain a 3D model of a FinFET SRAM device. Layout dependent effects on silicon and process non-idealities are characterized in a second part and used to calibrate the 3D model. In the third part, a process sensitivity analysis is conducted to compare the impact of overlay and CD variations on various options.
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