The Icarus camera system, combining a sensor developed by Sandia and readout electronics by LLNL, provides 0.5 Hz bursts of four frames with 3 ns separation. The sensor has 1024×512 25 μm pixels and is 25 μm thick. The system was developed for single line-of-sight measurements at the ns time scale for electrons and X-rays at facilities such as NIF. We report on initial tests of the Icarus system with hard X-rays pulse pairs with nanosecond time spacings at the LCLS, a newly available beam mode. We describe noise, gate profiles, gain, cross-talk, persistence, linearity, and quantum efficiency for the first version of the sensor. We present evidence of the suitability of the system for science measurements at a free electron laser with an X-ray pump X-ray probe experiment. We expect further developments of the technology to allow use of 350 ps bunch separation from the LCLS accelerator and, with a pulsed delay tube like DIXIE, to eventually reach sub-25 ps time-resolved X-ray imaging of processes such as plasma evolution.
The generation of two X-ray pulses with tunable nanosecond scale time separations has recently been demonstrated
at the Linac Coherent Light Source using an accelerator based technique. This approach offers the opportunity
to extend X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy techniques to the yet unexplored regime of nanosecond
timescales by means of X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy. As the two pulses originate from two independent
Spontaneous Amplified Stimulated Emission processes, the beam properties fluctuate from pulse pair to pulse
pair, but as well between the individual pulses within a pair. However, two-pulse XSVS experiments require the
intensity of the individual pulses to be either identical in the ideal case, or with a accurately known intensity
ratio. We present the design and performances of a non-destructive intensity diagnostic based on measurement
of scattering from a transparent target using a high-speed photo-detector. Individual pulses within a pulse pair
with time delays as short as 0.7 ns can be resolved. Moreover, using small angle coherent scattering, we characterize
the averaged spatial overlap of the focused pulse pairs. The multi-shot average-speckle contrasts from
individual pulses and pulse pairs are compared.
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