Dr. Michele Biasotti Profile

Dr. Michele Biasotti

Research Associate at Univ degli Studi di Genova

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Publications (12)

Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

The cryogenic anticoincidence detector for ATHENA X-IFU: advancement in the project

C. Macculi, A. Argan, D. Brienza, M. D'Andrea, S. Lotti, G. Minervini, L. Piro, M. Biasotti, L. Ferrari Barusso, F. Gatti, M. Rigano, F. Chiarello, G. Torrioli, M. Fiorini, M. Uslenghi, E. Cavazzuti, S. Puccetti, A. Volpe

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114444A (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563983

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cryogenics, Imaging spectroscopy, Particles, Observatories, Spectroscopes, Solar energy, Electrons, Silicon, Tellurium

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

The cryogenic anticoincidence detector for ATHENA X-IFU: preliminary test of AC-S9 towards the demonstration model

Matteo D'Andrea, Claudio Macculi, Andrea Argan, Simone Lotti, Gabriele Minervini, Luigi Piro, Michele Biasotti, Valentina Ceriale, Giovanni Gallucci, Flavio Gatti, Guido Torrioli, Angela Volpe

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106994T (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313280

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cryogenics, Visual process modeling, Silicon, Staring arrays, Telescopes, High energy astrophysics, X-ray imaging, X-rays, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

The front-end electronics of the LSPE-SWIPE experiment

F. Fontanelli, M. Biasotti, A. Bevilacqua, F. Siccardi

Proceedings Volume 9904, 990456 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232859

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Control systems, Amplifiers, Sensors, Cryogenics, Field effect transistors, Liquids, Microwave radiation, Electronics, Polarization, Bolometers

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

The new cryogenic silicon monolithic micro-bridged Anticoincidence detector for the X-IFU of ATHENA

M. Biasotti, D. Corsini, M. De Gerone, F. Gatti, C. Macculi, M. D'Andrea, L. Piro

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99055Z (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232789

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Silicon, X-rays, Multilayers, Mirrors, Data modeling, Silica, Space telescopes, Optical lithography, Beam shaping

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

The Cryogenic Anti-Coincidence detector for ATHENA X-IFU: pulse analysis of the AC-S7 single pixel prototype

M. D'Andrea, A. Argan, S. Lotti, C. Macculi, L. Piro, M. Biasotti, D. Corsini, F. Gatti, G. Torrioli

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99055X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231412

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cryogenics, Prototyping, Particles, Silicon, Principal component analysis, X-ray telescopes, X-rays, Tellurium, Spectroscopy

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The ATHENA observatory is the second large-class mission in ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, with a launch foreseen in 2028 towards the L2 orbit. The mission addresses the science theme “The Hot and Energetic Universe”, by coupling a high-performance X-ray Telescope with two complementary focal-plane instruments. One of these is the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU): it is a TES based kilo-pixel order array able to provide spatially resolved high-resolution spectroscopy (2.5 eV at 6 keV) over a 5 arcmin FoV.

The X-IFU sensitivity is degraded by the particles background expected at L2 orbit, which is induced by primary protons of both galactic and solar origin, and mostly by secondary electrons. To reduce the background level and enable the mission science goals, a Cryogenic Anticoincidence (CryoAC) detector is placed < 1 mm below the TES array. It is a 4- pixel TES based detector, with wide Silicon absorbers sensed by Ir:Au TESes.

The CryoAC development schedule foresees by Q1 2017 the delivery of a Demonstration Model (DM) to the X-IFU FPA development team. The DM is a single-pixel detector that will address the final design of the CryoAC. It will verify some representative requirements at single-pixel level, especially the detector operation at 50 mK thermal bath and the threshold energy at 20 keV.

To reach the final DM design we have developed and tested the AC-S7 prototype, with 1 cm² absorber area sensed by 65 Ir TESes. Here we will discuss the pulse analysis of this detector, which has been illuminated by the 60 keV line from a ²⁴¹Am source.

First, we will present the analysis performed to investigate pulses timings and spectrum, and to disentangle the athermal component of the pulses from the thermal one. Furthermore, we will show the application to our dataset of an alternative method of pulse processing, based upon Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This kind of analysis allow us to recover better energy spectra than achievable with traditional methods, improving the evaluation of the detector threshold energy, a fundamental parameter characterizing the CryoAC particle rejection efficiency.

Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

The Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector for ATHENA X-IFU: a program overview

C. Macculi, A. Argan, M. D'Andrea, S. Lotti, M. Laurenza, L. Piro, M. Biasotti, D. Corsini, F. Gatti, G. Torrioli, M. Fiorini, S. Molendi, M. Uslenghi, T. Mineo, A. Bulgarelli, V. Fioretti, E. Cavazzuti

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99052K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231298

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cryogenics, Particles, Staring arrays, Electrons, Silicon, Electronics, Principal component analysis, Satellites, Prototyping

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The ATHENA observatory is the second large-class ESA mission, in the context of the Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025, scheduled to be launched on 2028 at L2 orbit. One of the two on-board instruments is the X-IFU (X-ray Integral Field Unit): it is a TES-based kilo-pixels order array able to perform simultaneous high-grade energy spectroscopy (2.5 eV at 6 keV) and imaging over the 5 arcmin FoV. The X-IFU sensitivity is degraded by the particles background which is induced by primary protons of both solar and Cosmic Rays origin, and secondary electrons. The studies performed by Geant4 simulations depict a scenario where it is mandatory the use of reduction techniques that combine an active anticoincidence detector and a passive electron shielding to reduce the background expected in L2 orbit down to the goal level of 0.005 cts/cm²/s/keV, so enabling the characterization of faint or diffuse sources (e.g. WHIM or Galaxy cluster outskirts). From the detector point of view this is possible by adopting a Cryogenic AntiCoincidence (CryoAC) placed within a proper optimized environment surrounding the X-IFU TES array. It is a 4-pixels detector made of wide area Silicon absorbers sensed by Ir TESes, and put at a distance < 1 mm below the TES-array. On October 2015 the X-IFU Phase A program has been kicked-off, and about the CryoAC is at present foreseen on early 2017 the delivery of the DM1 (Demonstration Model 1) to the FPA development team for integration, which is made of 1 pixel “bridgessuspended” that will address the final design of the CryoAC. Both the background studies and the detector development work is on-going to provide confident results about the expected residual background at the TES-array level, and the single pixel design to produce a detector for testing activity on 2016/2017. Here we will provide an overview of the CryoAC program, discussing some details about the background assessment having impact on the CryoAC design, the last single pixel characterization, the structural issues, followed by some programmatic aspects.

Proceedings Article | 11 July 2016 Paper

The mechanical and EM simulations of the CryoAC for the ATHENA X-IFU

D. Corsini, M. Biasotti, F. Gatti, M. De Gerone, C. Rossi, L. Piro, C. Macculi

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99055Y (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232499

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Multilayers, Atomic force microscopy, X-rays, Mirrors, Surface roughness, Calibration, Data modeling, Tungsten, Optical coatings

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector for ATHENA: the progress towards the final pixel design

Claudio Macculi, Luigi Piro, Donatella Cea, Luca Colasanti, Simone Lotti, Lorenzo Natalucci, Flavio Gatti, Daniela Bagliani, Michele Biasotti, Dario Corsini, Giulio Pizzigoni, Guido Torrioli, Marco Barbera, Teresa Mineo, Emanuele Perinati

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91445S (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054946

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Phonons, Silicon, Copper, Cryogenics, Particles, Energy efficiency, X-rays, Tellurium, Space operations

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“The Hot and Energetic Universe” is the scientific theme approved by the ESA SPC for a Large mission to be flown in the next ESA slot (2028th) timeframe. ATHENA is a space mission proposal tailored on this scientific theme. It will be the first X-ray mission able to perform the so-called “Integral field spectroscopy”, by coupling a high-resolution spectrometer, the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), to a high performance optics so providing detailed images of its field of view (5’ in diameter) with an angular resolution of 5” and fine energy-spectra (2.5eV@E<7keV). The X-IFU is a kilo-pixel array based on TES (Transition Edge Sensor) microcalorimeters providing high resolution spectroscopy in the 0.2-12 keV range. Some goals is the detection of faint and diffuse sources as Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) or galaxies outskirts. To reach its challenging scientific aims, it is necessary to shield efficiently the X-IFU instrument against background induced by external particles: the goal is 0.005 cts/cm^2/s/keV. This scientific requirement can be met by using an active Cryogenic AntiCoincidence (CryoAC) detector placed very close to X-IFU (~ 1 mm below). This is shown by our GEANT4 simulation of the expected background at L2 orbit. The CryoAC is a TES based detector as the X-IFU sharing with it thermal and mechanical interfaces, so increasing the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the payload. It is a 2x2 array of microcalorimeter detectors made by Silicon absorber (each of about 80 mm^2 and 300 μm thick) and sensed by an Ir TES. This choice shows that it is possible to operate such a detector in the so-called athermal regime which gives a response faster than the X-IFU (< 30 μs), and low energy threshold (above few keV). Our consortium has developed and tested several samples, some of these also featured by the presence of Al-fins to efficiently collect the athermal phonons, and increased x-ray absorber area (up to 1 cm^2). Here the results of deep test related to one of the last sample produced (namely AC-S5), and steps to reach the final detector design will be discussed.

Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Large area TES spiderweb bolometer for multi-mode cavity microwave detect

M. Biasotti, D. Bagliani, V. Ceriale, D. Corsini, P. De Bernardis, F. Gatti, R. Gualtieri, L. Lamagna, S. Masi, G. Pizzigoni, A. Schillaci

Proceedings Volume 9153, 915308 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057071

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Sensors, Silicon, Microwave radiation, Titanium, Computer aided design, Gold, Polarization, Waveguides, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

The cryogenic anticoincidence detector for ATHENA-XMS: preliminary results from the new prototype

Claudio Macculi, Luigi Piro, Luca Colasanti, Simone Lotti, Lorenzo Natalucci, Daniela Bagliani, Michele Biasotti, Flavio Gatti, Guido Torrioli, Simone Chiarucci, Marco Barbera, Teresa Mineo, Emanuele Perinati

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84435G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926117

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Prototyping, Silicon, Cryogenics, X-rays, Phonons, Thermal modeling, Tellurium, X-ray detectors, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

The x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer onboard Athena

J. den Herder, D. Bagnali, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, X. Barcons, D. Barret, P. Bastia, M. Bisotti, K. Boyce, C. Cara, M. Ceballos, L. Corcione, B. Cobo, L. Colasanti, J. de Plaa, M. DiPirro, W. Doriese, Y. Ezoe, R. Fujimoto, F. Gatti, L. Gottardi, P. Guttridge, R. den Hartog, I. Hepburn, R. Kelley, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, C. Kilbourne, P. A. de Korte, J. van der Kuur, S. Lotti, C. Macculi, K. Mitsuda, T. Mineo, L. Natalucci, T. Ohashi, M. Page, S. Paltani, E. Perinati, L. Piro, C. Pigot, F. Porter, G. Rauw, L. Ravera, E. Renotte, J.-L. Sauvageot, C. Schmid, S. Sciortino, P. Shirron, Y. Takei, G. Torrioli, M. Tsujimoto, L. Valenziano, D. Willingale, C. de Vries, H. van Weers, J. Wilms, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84432B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.924269

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Multiplexing, Electronics, Image resolution, Spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Photons, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2008 Paper

Field effect controlled ferromagnetism in transition metal doped ZnO

E. Bellingeri, L. Pellegrino, M. Biasotti, I. Pallecchi, G. Canu, A. Gerbi, M. Vignolo, A. Siri, D. Marré, S. Rusponi, A. Lehnert, F. Nolting

Proceedings Volume 6895, 68950X (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.785469

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Zinc oxide, Manganese, Ions, Magnetic semiconductors, Dichroic materials, Cobalt, Copper, Signal detection, Transition metals

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The ability to externally control the properties of magnetic materials would be highly desirable both from fundamental and technological point of views. In this respect, dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), in which a fraction of atoms of the nonmagnetic semiconductor host is replaced by magnetic ions, have recently attracted broad interest for their potential application in spintronics. In this work, we focused on transition metal (TM) (Co, Mn and Cu) doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) because room temperature ferromagnetism was both theoretically predicted and experimentally observed. However, the origin of such ferromagnetism, in particular whether it is a signature of a true DMS behaviour (long range magnetic interaction between the doping ions) or it arises from the formation of secondary phases, segregation or clustering is still under debate. Measuring the dependence of the magnetic properties on the carrier concentration can clarify the underlying physics. The samples were characterized by resistivity, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, Seebeck effect, synchrotron X-ray adsorption spectra (XAS) and magnetic dichroism (XMD) while modulating the carrier density by electric field. The insulating-gate field-effect transistor structures are realized in ZnO/Strontium Titanate (SrTiO₃) heterostructures by pulsed laser deposition. These devices offers the capability to modulate the carrier density of a probe accessible (light, AFM tip, ...) channel, by more than 5 orders of magnitude (from ≈10¹⁵ to ≈10²⁰ e^-/cm³, estimated by Hall effect measurements under FE). The Co and Mn films measured by DC SQUID magnetometer result ferromagnetic and anomalous Hall effect was observed at low temperature but nor ferromagnetic nor antiferromagnetic signal was detectable in the XMD spectra. Cu doped films are insulating and nonmagnetic. Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (x-PEEM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) showed that the sample are homogeneus and no clustering of TM were detected. A large effect of the magnetic ions, strongly dependent on the carrier concentration, was observed on the transport properties and this effect according can be explained by a giant s-d exchange leading to spin splitting of the s-type conduction band. Since the filling of such band can be modified by field effect a electric field control of the spin polarization can be achieved.

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