SHARK-NIR is an instrument providing high-contrast coronagraphic imaging, dual band imaging and low resolution spectroscopy in Y, J and H bands, taking advantage of the high performance of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) AO systems. Its main scientific drivers is the detection and characterization of exoplanets, circumstellar disks, Solar System small bodies and acrive galactic nuclei. Binocular observations are provided by exploiting the synergy with SHARK-VIS (operating in V band) and LMIRCam of LBTI (operating from K to M band). SHARK-NIR was shipped to LBT in June 2022, and up to November 2022 was the subject of the three pre-commissioning runs: the first to install and test the instrument in the high-bay LBT clean tent, the second to install and align the instrument to the telescope and the third to perform daytime testing. This pre-commissioning phase resulted in the successful alignment of the instrument with a very good internal optical quality and the performance of additional tests using simulated turbulence injected through LBT Adaptive Secondary Mirror. In January 2023 we had the first commissioning run and the instrument first light, in which we successfully tested the imaging capabilities with and without the Gaussian Lyot coronagraph. In March 2023 we had the second commissioning run, in which despite the bad weather we successfully performed a variety of technical activities, as well as preliminary testing of the Shaped Pupil coronagraph. After two additional commissioning runs in May and October, our first early scientific run in October 2023 focused on the Taurus star formation region, a region populated by targets of considerable scientific interest. In this paper we will give an overview of commissioning and the early science phases running from October 2023 to May 2024, focusing on the technical challenges we overcame and future work needed to push the instrument to its very limit, as well as presenting the first preliminary scientific results.
The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is an integral field spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope Unit Telescope 4, capable of laser guide star assisted and tomographic adaptive optics using the GALACSI module. Its observing capabilities include a wide field (1 square arcmin), ground layer AO mode (WFM-AO) and a narrow field (7.5”×7.5”), laser tomography AO mode (NFM-AO). The latter has had several upgrades in the 4 years since commissioning, including an optimization of the control matrices for the AO system and a new sub-electron noise detector for its infra-red low order wavefront sensor. We set out to quantify the NFM-AO system performance by analysing ∼230 spectrophotometric standard star observations taken over the last 3 years. To this end we expand upon previous work, designed to facilitate analysis of the WFM-AO system performance. We briefly describe the framework that will provide a user friendly, semi-automated way for system performance monitoring during science operations. We provide the results of our performance analysis, chiefly through the measured Strehl ratio and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the core of the point spread function (PSF) using two PSF models, and correlations with atmospheric conditions. These results will feed into a range of applications, including providing a more accurate prediction of the system performance as implemented in the exposure time calculator, and the associated optimization of the scientific output for a given set of limiting atmospheric conditions.
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