National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. have been developing large format and high-speed readout CMOS sensors. It is designed to be 2,560 × 10,000 pixels with 7.5μm and three-side buttable in order to cover a wide field of view. The CMOS sensors is designed to be back-illuminated to achieve higher filling factor than front-illuminated CMOS sensors and to improve the sensitivity by avoiding photon absorption by the poly-silicon circuit. Each pixel row is equipped with an ADC to achieve the frame rate of 10Hz. The evaluation in the laboratory shows that the sensor has excellent performance; the quantum efficiency is 80% at maximum at 600nm and readout noise is 3 e− rms at 2fps. We are developing a wide field camera using these CMOS sensors.
Several recent studies in compressive video sensing have realized scene capture beyond the fundamental trade-off limit between spatial resolution and temporal resolution using random space-time sampling. However, most of these studies showed results for higher frame rate video that were produced by simulation experiments or using an optically simulated random sampling camera, because there are currently no commercially available image sensors with random exposure or sampling capabilities. We fabricated a prototype complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with quasi pixel-wise exposure timing that can realize nonuniform space-time sampling. The prototype sensor can reset exposures independently by columns and fix these amount of exposure by rows for each 8x8 pixel block. This CMOS sensor is not fully controllable via the pixels, and has line-dependent controls, but it offers flexibility when compared with regular CMOS or charge-coupled device sensors with global or rolling shutters. We propose a method to realize pseudo-random sampling for high-speed video acquisition that uses the flexibility of the CMOS sensor. We reconstruct the high-speed video sequence from the images produced by pseudo-random sampling using an over-complete dictionary.
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