With the widespread application of photoelectric detection systems, light attenuation materials that affect imaging and detection performance have received increasing attention. As a novel type of light attenuation materials, biological extinction material has the advantages of low preparation cost, environmental protection, non-toxic, easy degradation, and broad extinction band. This paper mainly introduces the research status of biological extinction materials from two aspects: the extinction characteristics of biological materials and the deposition and diffusion of biological aerosols. In order to promote the research and application transformation of biological extinction materials, comprehensively understand the research status of wide band biological extinction materials, and further optimize the extinction performance of biological aerosols in ultraviolet (UV), visible, infrared (IR) and other bands, the research progress in the material preparation and optical constant measurement of biological extinction materials, modeling of biological particle aggregation structure, extinction performance calculation, deposition and diffusion calculation simulation and related experiments are summarized. In view of the challenges in the study of biological extinction materials, perspectives on future material modification optimization, extinction band expanding, and improving the aerodynamic characteristics are provided.
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