A visual odometry (VO) method is proposed that uses road surface motion images for self-localization by mobile robots. Our proposed method utilizes the feature points obtained from the road surface motion images with the RGB-D camera. Experiments with video images of sub-millimeter resolution show that the VO method is capable of self-position estimation within 1% error. Results also show that the error is corrected by using our proposed algorithm and that the position and posture of the mobile robot in the two-dimensional plane can be self-estimated.
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