The accuracy of geographic location is important for island investigations by remote sensing. However, many islands are
far away from land, and it is impossible to obtain accurate ground control points (GCPs) that could be used for
geometric correction. We propose a geometric correction method without using GCP to orientate islands accurately. The
test data are four SPOT-5 images that were obtained from the same orbit and at the same time; one of these images does
not include islands but allows one or more GCPs to be acquired. Firstly, we initially correct the image with GCPs by
using a physical model, metadata, and a digital elevation model derived from SRTM data, but the accuracy is slightly
better than 50 m. We calculate the offset between the corrected image and its GCPs and use this offset to correct the
digital elevation model to make its coordinates to agree with that from the metadata. Then, we further correct the image
by using a physical model, metadata and the corrected digital elevation model to suppress the hypsographical distortion.
Finally, We use an affine transformation model to calculate the distortion parameters from the corrected image by using
its GCPs, and further used these parameters to correct the other three images without GCPs. Our experiment is quite
encouraging as when some islands are 159 km away from land we still achieve a location accuracy better than 5 m.
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