We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of the first photonic crystal (PhC)-based red multiple-quantum-well (MQW) color converters fully optimized for augmented reality (AR) microdisplays through a quasi-3D light harnessing principle. This principle leverages an aluminum (Al) bottom reflector and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) gap to harness the bottom-emitted light, along with copper (Cu) lateral mirrors and a silicon nitride (SiN) phase-matcher for Bloch-mode replication. These structures were designed using 3D-FDTD simulations. As a proof-of-principle, we fabricated corresponding devices that exhibit promising characteristics, including record light extraction efficiencies over 40% for 4µm pixels and emission patterns with high directionality. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) analyses, along with a four-wave intensity model developed in this work, indicate that there is still room for improvement. We believe that the guidelines established in this study could pave the way for the use of MQW color converters in the next generation of very bright, high-resolution RGB microdisplays for AR glasses and beyond.
While state-of-the-art RGB microdisplays rely on quantum-dot color-converters (CC), the next generation of very bright and high-resolution AR microdisplays could be based on MQW CC due to their better photostability and higher blue-light absorption. However, their practical implementation is still hindered by their low light extraction efficiency (LEE), their Lambertian-like emission patterns, as well as the challenges related to their integration on on-Silicon blue µLED arrays (transfer and pixelization). In this work, we use photonic-crystals (PhCs) as light extractors and investigate all the challenges related to the design, integration & fabrication as well as testing of novel MQW based CC.
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