With the rapid advancement of aerospace technology, interstellar exploration emerges as the next frontier in expanding human activities beyond Earth. The development of interstellar exploration robots stands as an essential and pioneering technological pursuit in this endeavor. Given the intricate topography and inhospitable conditions of extraterrestrial bodies, interstellar exploration robots encounter formidable challenges related to action, survival, durability, and more, thereby demanding elevated standards in robotic technology. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape concerning interstellar exploration robots, both domestically and internationally. It systematically examines the present state of technology research, encompassing aspects such as basic configuration, overall structure, control technology, navigation, environmental sensing technology, and thermal control technology. By delineating the existing research status worldwide, the article aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of current technological approaches. Building upon this analysis, the article extrapolates future prospects for interstellar exploration robots. It assesses the technical advantages, drawbacks, and challenges encountered in current research, subsequently outlining prospective research directions and key areas of focus for the advancement of interstellar exploration robot technologies.
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