The accurate measurement of blood hematocrit levels in ocular vessels holds significant clinical value by saving time, minimizing discomfort, and reducing the use of single-use cuvettes, which generates significant biohazardous waste. We present a novel approach for non-invasive measurement of blood hematocrit levels in retinal vasculature using a modified full-field fundus imaging system centered around two isosbestic wavelengths. To aid in the selection of bandpass filters, we developed a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation of our imaging system applied to retinal vasculature. We also present this model as a tool to analyze the images coming from the Fundus camera, which helps us understand what tissue and system parameters affect our in-vivo measurements. We present the analysis methods employed for data from a clinical trial data and demonstrate the trends between the optical densities of the collected images and our Monte Carlo simulations.
The Rapid Nano is a particle inspection system developed by TNO for the qualification of EUV reticle handling equipment. The sensitivity of this system has been improved by model based design. Our model identified two parameters that could be tuned to be able to detect smaller particles. The first step is a multi azimuth illumination mode and the second parameter is the illumination wavelength. Here we report on the results of the Rapid Nano 4, which has both of these parameters optimized to have a sub 20 nm LSE detection limit on EUV mask blanks.
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