Dr. María Manuela Fernández-Rodriguez Profile

Dr. María Manuela Fernández-Rodriguez

at INTA Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (14)

Proceedings Article | 18 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

Reflective diffraction grating operating around 3,3 THz for space applications

Gonzalo García-Lozano, Guillermo Mercant, M. Fernández-Rodríguez, M. Carmen Torquemada, Luis González, Tomás Belenguer, Alexander Cuadrado, Luis Miguel Sánchez-Brea, Javier Alda

Proceedings Volume 12994, 1299408 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3016978

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Optical gratings, Manufacturing, Terahertz radiation, Finite element methods, Optical design, Reflection, Polarization, Confocal microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

Optical design of a compact spectrometer for space applications: depolarizers analysis

Carmen Vázquez Pérez, Andrea García Moreno, Marianela Fernández Rodríguez, Luis M. González Fernández, Tomás Belenguer Dávila

Proceedings Volume 13019, 130190W (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3016997

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Spectroscopy, Depolarization, Polarized light, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2023 Paper

Optical design of a compact high-resolution spectrometer for a CubeSat to analyze the atmospheric composition

Carmen Vázquez Pérez, Andrea García Moreno, Marianela Fernández Rodriguez, Luis González Fernández, Tomás Belenguer Dávila

Proceedings Volume 12798, 127982S (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692553

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Optical design, Diffraction gratings, Design and modelling, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric modeling, Spectral resolution, Equipment, Ultraviolet telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

A far infrared spectrometer for SPICA mission: optical E2E of SAFARI

Marianela Fernandez, David Arrazola, Willem Jellema, Luis González, Rafael Garcia, Tomás Belenguer, Josefina Torres Redondo, René Restrepo, Martin Eggens, Jaap Evers, Pieter Dieleman

Proceedings Volume 11443, 114436R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562527

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Diffraction gratings, Far infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, Mirrors, Telescopes, Calibration, Sensors, Optical design, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

The 4K focal plane unit for SPICA's SAFARI far infrared instrument

Josefina Torres Redondo, Martin Eggens, Rafael García Lopez, Isabel Pérez Grande, Javier Pérez-Alvarez, Marcos Chimeno, David Arrazola Perez, Marianela Fernández, Tomas Belenguer Davila, Luis González Fernandez, Jaap Evers, Pieter Dieleman, Willem Jellema, Peter Roelfsema, Jesús Martin Pintado, Francisco Najarro

Proceedings Volume 11443, 114436I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561336

KEYWORDS: Far infrared, Spectroscopy, Astronomy, Spectroscopes, Analytical research, Cryogenics, Optical design, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019 Open Access

RAMAN spectrometer: development of SPU FM based on enhanced qualification model for Exomars 2020

J. Fco. Cabrero, M. Fernández, M. Colombo, D. Escribano, P. Gallego, R. Canchal, T. Belenguer, J. García-Martínez, J. Encinas, L. Bastide, I. Hutchinson, A. Moral, C. Canora, J. A. Prieto, C. Gordillo, A. Santiago, A. Berrocal, F. Rull

Proceedings Volume 11180, 1118038 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536035

KEYWORDS: Fermium, Frequency modulation, Charge-coupled devices, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Diffraction gratings, Optical fibers, Collimators, Mars, Optical components

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The Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) is one of the Pasteur Payload instruments within the ESA’s ExoMars mission. The RLS instrument scientific goal consists of perform in-situ Raman spectroscopy over different organic and mineral powder samples of the Mars subsoil. It consists of three main units: SPU (Spectrometer Unit), iOH (Internal Optical Head), ICEU (Instrument Control and Excitation Unit) which are interconnected by an optical and electrical harnesses (OH and EH).

The SPU is one of the most critical units of the RLS instrument. The Engineering Qualification Model (EQM) unit has been already delivered after a proper qualified campaign in a very demanding environment with very restrictive design constraints, including Planetary Protection requirements. Also, a complete set of functional tests had been carried out under representative environment, simulating not only Mars rover´s laboratory conditions (thermal range and pressure), but also the cruise phase. Previously, an exhaustive qualification campaign was developed with two different purposes: to mitigate the risks associated to new optical elements included in the design and without space heritage; and to obtain a detailed comprehension of their behaviour under Mars conditions for facing the Flight Model (FM) optical design with guarantee of success.

EQM results were successful in terms of Engineering, and a SWaP-optimized system had been reached. The acquired knowledge of that model has been used to implement little improvements into SPU FM for acceptance. For operations, a big amelioration has been the reduction of the image ROI on the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) after the improving of the alignment of the inclination degree of the image plane on CCD under the tightly integration constrains, letting to download the minimum necessary data bytes. These improvements achieved by a proper analysis of the image on the SPU CCD will allow to evaluate far better the Raman spectrum effects.

SPU FM Mechanical, Thermal-Vacuum campaign has been already finished in order to accept for flight the current unit which will be already completed and “flight qualified” at RLS system level before the congress. If everything continues on this way, the desired Technology Readiness level, TRL 8 maturity level, will be reported during the following text.

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

The optical design of a far infrared spectrometer for SPICA: grating modules evaluation

David Arrazola, Marianela Fernández, Luis Miguel González Fernández, Tomás Belenguer, Willem Jellema, García Rafael, Josefina Torres, Gert de Lange, Jaap Evers, Martin Eggens, Francisco Najarro, Peter Roelfsema

Proceedings Volume 10708, 107083G (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2315971

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Cameras, Collimators, Distortion, Spectroscopy, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 November 2017 Open Access

A very demanding spectrometer optical design for ExoMars Mission

T. Belenguer, M. Fernandez-Rodriguez, M. Colombo, E. Diaz-Catalá, J. Sanchez-Páramo

Proceedings Volume 10565, 105651E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309128

KEYWORDS: Optical design, Glasses, Spectroscopy, Diffraction gratings, Collimators, Chemical elements, Optical components, Sensors, Astronomical imaging, Holography

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Proceedings Article | 20 November 2017 Open Access

Analysis of optical properties behaviour of CLEARCERAM, fused silica and CaF2 glasses exposed to simulated space conditions

M. Fernández-Rodríguez, C. G. Alvarado, A. Núñez, A. Álvarez-Herrero

Proceedings Volume 10565, 1056527 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309133

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Absorption, Optical properties, Ultraviolet radiation, Gamma radiation, Silica, Refractive index, Radiation effects, Astronomical imaging, Color centers

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Optical instrumentation on-board satellites suffer degradation due to the hostile conditions of space environment. Space conditions produce instrumentation performances changes causing a decrease or a cancellation of their features. Particularly, space environment conditions have a significant influence on the optical properties of glasses which are part of space optical systems.

Space environment characteristics which effects on the optical system have to be taken into account are: outgassing, volatile components, gas or water vapor which form part of the spacecraft materials, vacuum, microgravity, micrometeorites, space debris, thermal, mechanical and radiation environment and effects of the high atmosphere [1].

This work is focused on analyzing temperature variations and ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation effects on the optical properties of several glasses used on space applications.

Thermal environment is composed of radiation from the Sun, the albedo and the Earth radiation and the radiation from the spacecraft to deep space. Flux and influence of temperature on satellite materials depend on factors as the period of year or the position of them on the space system. Taking into account that the transfer mechanisms of heat are limited by the conduction and the radiation, high gradients of temperature are obtained in system elements which can cause changes of their optical properties, birefringence… Also, these thermal cycles can introduce mechanical loads into material structure due to the expansion and the contraction of the material leading to mechanical performances degradation [2].

However, it is the radiation environment the main cause of damage on optical properties of materials used on space instrumentation. This environment consists of a wide range of energetic particles between keV and MeV which are trapped by the geomagnetic field or are flux of particles that cross the Earth environment from the external of the Solar System [3].

The damage produced by the radiation environment on the optical materials can be classified in two types: ionizing or non-ionizing. This damage may produce continual or accumulative (dose) alterations on the optical material performances, or may produce alterations which not remain along the time (transitory effects). The effects of the radiation on optical materials can be summarized on changes of optical transmission and refractive index, variation of density and superficial degradation [4-6].

Two non-invasive and non-destructive techniques such as Optical Spectrum Analyzer and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry [7] have been used to characterize optically the three kinds of studied glasses, CaF₂, Fused Silica and Clearceram.

The study of the temperature and radiation effects on the glasses optical properties showed that the gamma radiation is the principal responsible of glasses optical degradation. The optical properties of the Clearceram glass have been affected by the gamma irradiation due to the absorption bands induced by the radiation in the visible spectral range (color centers). Therefore, an analysis about the behavior of these color centers with the gamma radiation total dose and with the time after the irradiation has been carried out in the same way that it is performed in [8].

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Optical properties behavior of three optical filters and a mirror used in the internal optical head of a Raman laser spectrometer after exposed to proton radiation

V. Guembe, C. Alvarado, M. Fernández-Rodriguez, P. Gallego, T. Belenguer, E. Díaz

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105634V (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304069

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Mirrors, Absorbance, Reflectivity, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Optical properties, laser line filters, Optical components, Transmittance

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

SAFARI optical system architecture and design concept

Carmen Pastor, Willem Jellema, Pablo Zuluaga-Ramírez, David Arrazola, M. Fernández-Rodriguez, Tomás Belenguer, Luis González Fernández, Michael Audley, Jaap Evers, Martin Eggens, Josefina Torres Redondo, Francisco Najarro, Peter Roelfsema

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99043U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232786

KEYWORDS: Spectral resolution, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Optical design, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Diffraction gratings, Interferometers, Sensors, Lawrencium, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2011 Paper

ExoMars Raman laser spectrometer for Exomars

F. Rull, A. Sansano, E. Díaz, C. P. Canora, A. Moral, C. Tato, M. Colombo, T. Belenguer, M. Fernández, J. A. R. Manfredi, R. Canchal, B. Dávila, A. Jiménez, P. Gallego, S. Ibarmia, J. A. Prieto, A. Santiago, J. Pla, G. Ramos, C. Díaz, C. González

Proceedings Volume 8152, 81520J (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896787

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Charge-coupled devices, Spectroscopy, Head, Mars, Raman scattering, Laser spectroscopy, Photons, Light scattering, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2011 Paper

A new spectrometer concept for Mars exploration

F. Rull, A. Sansano, E. Díaz, M. Colombo, T. Belenguer, M. Fernández, V. Guembe, R. Canchal, B. Dávila, A. Sánchez, H. Laguna, G. Ramos, C. González, D. Fraga, P. Gallego, I. Hutchinson, R. Ingley, J. Sánchez, C. Canora, A. Moral, S. Ibarmia, J. A. Prieto, J. A. R. Manfredi, P. Cabo, C. Díaz, A. Jiménez, J. Pla, R. Margoillés

Proceedings Volume 8152, 81520K (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896808

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Charge-coupled devices, Mars, Optical fibers, Optical components, Optical design, Diffraction gratings, Collimators, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2010 Paper

ExoMars Raman laser spectrometer overview

F. Rull, A. Sansano, E. Díaz, C. Canora, A. Moral, C. Tato, M. Colombo, T. Belenguer, M. Fernández, J. A. Manfredi, R. Canchal, B. Dávila, A. Jiménez, P. Gallego, S. Ibarmia, J. A. Prieto, A. Santiago, J. Pla, G. Ramos, C. González

Proceedings Volume 7819, 781915 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.868159

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Charge-coupled devices, Spectroscopy, Signal processing, Head, Semiconductor lasers, Laser spectroscopy, Calibration, Diffraction gratings, Control systems

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