The periodontal disease is one of the most common pathological states of the teeth and gums system. The issue is that its evaluation is a subjective one, i.e. it is based on the skills of the dental medical doctor. As for any clinical condition, a quantitative evaluation and monitoring in time of the retraction of the gingival margins is desired. This phenomenon was evaluated in this study with a holographic method by using a He-Ne laser with a power of 13 mW. The holographic system we have utilized – adapted for dentistry applications - is described. Several patients were considered in a comparative study of their state of health – regarding their oral cavity. The impressions of the maxillary dental arch were taken from a patient during his/her first visit and after a period of six months. The hologram of the first model was superposed on the model cast after the second visit. The retractions of the gingival margins could be thus evaluated three-dimensionally in every point of interest. An evaluation of the retraction has thus been made. Conclusions can thus be drawn for the clinical evaluation of the health of the teeth and gums system of each patient.
The osteoconductive materials are important in bone regeneration procedures. Three dimensional (3D) reconstructions were obtained from the analysis. The aim of this study is to investigate the interface between the femur rat bone and the new bone that is obtained using a method of tissue engineering that is based on two artificial matrixes inserted in previously artificially induced defects. For this study, under strict supervision 20 rats were used in conformity with ethical procedures. In all the femurs a round defect was induced by drilling with a 1 mm spherical Co-Cr surgical drill. The matrixes used were IngeniOss (for ten samples) and 4Bone(for the other ten samples). These materials were inserted into the induced defects. The femurs were investigated at 1 month, after the surgical procedures. The interfaces were examined using Time Domain (TD) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) combined with Confocal Microscopy (CM). The scanning procedure is similar to that used in any CM, where the fast scanning is en-face (line rate) and the scanning in depth is much slower (at the frame rate). The optical configuration uses two single mode directional couplers with a superluminiscent diode as the source centered at 1300 nm. The results showed open interfaces due to the insufficient healing process, as well as closed interfaces due to a new bone formation inside the defect. The conclusion of this study is that TD-OCT can act as a valuable tool in the investigation of the interface between the old bone and the one that has been newly created due to the osteoinductive process. The TD-OCT has proven a valuable tool for the non-invasive evaluation of the matrix bone interfaces.
The materials used to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering are derived from synthetic
polymers, mainly from the polyester family, or from natural materials (e.g., collagen and chitosan). The
mechanical properties and the structural properties of these materials can be tailored by adjusting the
molecular weight, the crystalline state, and the ratio of monomers in the copolymers. Quality control and
adjustment of the scaffold manufacturing process are essential to achieve high standard scaffolds. Most
scaffolds are made from highly crystalline polymers, which inevitably result in their opaque appearance.
Their 3-D opaque structure prevents the observation of internal uneven surface structures of the scaffolds
under normal optical instruments, such as the traditional light microscope. The inability to easily monitor
the inner structure of scaffolds as well as the interface with the old bone poses a major challenge for
tissue engineering: it impedes the precise control and adjustment of the parameters that affect the cell
growth in response to various mimicked culture conditions.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the interface between the femur rat bone and the new bone
that is obtained using a method of tissue engineering that is based on different artificial matrixes inserted
in previously artificially induced defects. For this study, 15 rats were used in conformity with ethical
procedures. In all the femurs a round defect was induced by drilling with a 1 mm spherical Co-Cr surgical
drill. The matrixes used were Bioss and 4bone. These materials were inserted into the induced defects.
The femurs were investigated at 1 week, 1 month, 2 month and three month after the surgical procedures.
The interfaces were examined using Time Domain (TD) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
combined with Confocal Microscopy (CM). The optical configuration uses two single mode directional
couplers with a superluminiscent diode as the source centered at 1300 nm. The scanning procedure is
similar to that used in any CM, where the fast scanning is en-face (line rate) and the scanning in depth is
much slower (at the frame rate).
The results showed open interfaces due to the insufficient healing process, as well as closed
interfaces due to a new bone formation inside the defect. The conclusion of this study is that TD-OCT can
act as a valuable tool in the investigation of the interface between the old bone and the one that has been
newly induced due to the osteoinductive process.
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