Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technique for removing dissolved, charged species from aqueous solutions. It has been previously applied to brackish water and seawater desalination, wastewater remediation, and water softening. The CDI unit cell comprises two parallel electrode sheets separated by a non-conductive spacer (nylon cloth, 100 mm thick) and fixed with a rubber gasket. The electrodes are typically carbon, and the feed water flows between or through the two charged electrodes. The porous electrode pair is accused of an applied voltage difference (called the cell or charging voltage). Optimizing the CDI electrode features is essential for scaling up the technique to an industrial scale. The effect of the water flow rate and the applied voltage are key factors that affect the efficiency of the CDI units. This research used Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a smart-based modeling tool to optimize and predict the highest efficiency concerning the electrode and process parameters. The results showed that a carbon-based structure with super-electrochemical and mechanical properties could revolutionize CDI technology.
Capacitive deionization is a promising electrochemical technology employed in water treatment applications. Among the various water desalination and treatment technologies, capacitive deionization technology has many advantages and appreciably increases desalination efficiency. CDI desalinates the Water via the electrosorption of ions inside the porous structure of two oppositely charged electrodes. The electrodes are considered the core of the CDI system. The carbon flow electrode is a new design for improving salt removal efficiency (SRE). Thus, developing a numerical model to predict CDI salt removal efficiency (SRE) and understanding how electrodes jointly contribute to desalination is crucial for rational FCDI system design. This paper demonstrates the concept of using Artificial intelligence-based modeling to predict the electrosorption capacity of FCDI with reasonable accuracy based on the important flow electrode and process features. The contribution and relative importance of each feature in deionization and the cost analysis framework of FCDI are determined and validated. This study shows that artificial neural networks (ANN) have strong abilities in predicting the nonlinear behavior of the CDI system and in revealing each featureโs role of the electrode in desalination. Two hidden layers with 14 and 11 neurons in the first and second hidden layers have been used. The model has good regression of 100% for training, 99.67% for validation 99.809% for testing, and 99.908% for the overall system. The ๐ ๐๐๐ธ, ๐๐ด๐ธ, and ๐ ๐๐๐ธ%๐ธ๐๐๐๐ were significantly small.
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