Dr. Karen M. Joos Profile

Dr. Karen M. Joos

Professor at Vanderbilt Univ Medical Ctr.

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Editor | Author

Area of Expertise:

Pediatric and adult glaucoma , Ophthalmology , Ophthalmic OCT

Publications (34)

Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Pascal Rol award presentation

Karen Joos

Proceedings Volume PC11941, PC1194118 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2617431

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Conference 11623: Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI

Daniel Hammer, Karen Joos, Daniel Palanker

Proceedings Volume 11623, 1162302 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593006

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Multimodal ophthalmic imaging using spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography

Mohamed El-Haddad, Joseph Malone, Jianwei Li, Ivan Bozic, Amber Arquitola, Karen Joos, Shriji Patel, Yuankai Tao

Proceedings Volume 10352, 1035209 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275552

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Ophthalmic imaging, In vivo imaging, Signal detection, Multimodal imaging, Scanners, Imaging systems, Optical scanning systems, Optical tracking

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Ophthalmic surgery involves manipulation of delicate, layered tissue structures on milli- to micrometer scales. Traditional surgical microscopes provide an inherently two-dimensional view of the surgical field with limited depth perception which precludes accurate depth-resolved visualization of these tissue layers, and limits the development of novel surgical techniques. We demonstrate multimodal swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (SS-SESLO-OCT) to address current limitations of image-guided ophthalmic microsurgery. SS-SESLO-OCT provides inherently co-registered en face and cross-sectional field-of-views (FOVs) at a line rate of 400 kHz and >2 GPix/s throughput. We show in vivo imaging of the anterior segment and retinal fundus of a healthy volunteer, and preliminary results of multi-volumetric mosaicking for ultrawide-field retinal imaging with 90° FOV. Additionally, a scan-head was rapid-prototyped with a modular architecture which enabled integration of SS-SESLO-OCT with traditional surgical microscope and slit-lamp imaging optics. Ex vivo surgical maneuvers were simulated in cadaveric porcine eyes. The system throughput enabled volumetric acquisition at 10 volumes-per-second (vps) and allowed visualization of surgical dynamics in corneal sweeps, compressions, and dissections, and retinal sweeps, compressions, and elevations. SESLO en face images enabled simple real-time co-registration with the surgical microscope FOV, and OCT cross-sections provided depth-resolved visualization of instrument-tissue interactions. Finally, we demonstrate novel augmented-reality integration with the surgical view using segmentation overlays to aid surgical guidance. SS-SESLO-OCT may benefit clinical diagnostics by enabling aiming, registration, and mosaicking; and intraoperative imaging by allowing for real-time surgical feedback, instrument tracking, and overlays of computationally extracted biomarkers of disease.

Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Differentiating functional brain regions using optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Daniel Gil, Hansen Bow, Jin-H. Shen, Karen Joos, Melissa Skala

Proceedings Volume 10050, 1005006 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252820

KEYWORDS: Brain, Signal attenuation, Optical coherence tomography, Neuroimaging, Tissues, Algorithm development, Cognition, Injuries, Surgery, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Multimodal swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography at 400 kHz

Mohamed El-Haddad, Karen Joos, Shriji Patel, Yuankai Tao

Proceedings Volume 10053, 1005305 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254860

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Imaging systems, Multimodal imaging, Ophthalmic imaging, In vivo imaging, Retinal scanning, Optical scanning systems, Eye, Optical tracking, Image segmentation, Scanners, Relays, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Multi-volumetric registration and mosaicking using swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography

Ivan Bozic, Mohamed El-Haddad, Joseph Malone, Karen Joos, Shriji Patel, Yuankai Tao

Proceedings Volume 10053, 1005326 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254859

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Image registration, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Diagnostics, Coherence imaging, Multimodal imaging, Ophthalmic imaging, Optical imaging, Eye, In vivo imaging, Data acquisition, Retinal scanning, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Image-guided feedback for ophthalmic microsurgery using multimodal intraoperative swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography

Jianwei Li, Joseph Malone, Mohamed El-Haddad, Amber Arquitola, Karen Joos, Shriji Patel, Yuankai Tao

Proceedings Volume 10053, 100530I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254847

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Visualization, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Tissues, In vivo imaging, Microsurgery, Ophthalmic imaging, Microscopes, Multimodal imaging, Eye, Image segmentation, Surgery

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Surgical interventions for ocular diseases involve manipulations of semi-transparent structures in the eye, but limited visualization of these tissue layers remains a critical barrier to developing novel surgical techniques and improving clinical outcomes. We addressed limitations in image-guided ophthalmic microsurgery by using microscope-integrated multimodal intraoperative swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (iSS-SESLO-OCT). We previously demonstrated in vivo human ophthalmic imaging using SS-SESLO-OCT, which enabled simultaneous acquisition of en face SESLO images with every OCT cross-section. Here, we integrated our new 400 kHz iSS-SESLO-OCT, which used a buffered Axsun 1060 nm swept-source, with a surgical microscope and TrueVision stereoscopic viewing system to provide image-based feedback. In vivo human imaging performance was demonstrated on a healthy volunteer, and simulated surgical maneuvers were performed in ex vivo porcine eyes. Denselysampled static volumes and volumes subsampled at 10 volumes-per-second were used to visualize tissue deformations and surgical dynamics during corneal sweeps, compressions, and dissections, and retinal sweeps, compressions, and elevations. En face SESLO images enabled orientation and co-registration with the widefield surgical microscope view while OCT imaging enabled depth-resolved visualization of surgical instrument positions relative to anatomic structures-of-interest. TrueVision heads-up display allowed for side-by-side viewing of the surgical field with SESLO and OCT previews for real-time feedback, and we demonstrated novel integrated segmentation overlays for augmented-reality surgical guidance. Integration of these complementary imaging modalities may benefit surgical outcomes by enabling real-time intraoperative visualization of surgical plans, instrument positions, tissue deformations, and image-based surrogate biomarkers correlated with completion of surgical goals.

Proceedings Article | 8 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Modular multimodal swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography scan-head for surgical microscope-integrated and slit-lamp imaging

Joseph Malone, Jianwei Li, Mohamed El-Haddad, Karen Joos, Shriji Patel, Yuankai Tao

Proceedings Volume 10045, 100451D (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252315

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Ophthalmic imaging, Multimodal imaging, In vivo imaging, Imaging systems, Relays, Non-invasive medical diagnostics, Visualization, Fiber couplers, Microscopes, Mirrors, Computer aided design

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SPIE Journal Paper | 12 October 2015 Open Access

Efficacy and predictability of soft tissue ablation using a prototype Raman-shifted alexandrite laser

John Kozub, Jin-H. Shen, Karen Joos, Ratna Prasad, M. Shane Hutson

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 10, 105004, (October 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.105004

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Laser ablation, Etching, Prototyping, Alexandrite lasers, Laser tissue interaction, Pulsed laser operation, Mid-IR, Tissues, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2015 Paper

Design and evaluation of an intraocular B-scan OCT-guided 36-gauge needle

Jin Shen, Karen Joos

Proceedings Volume 9307, 93070A (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2078431

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Imaging systems, Linear filtering, Sensors, Digital imaging, Detection and tracking algorithms, Channel projecting optics, Convolution, Matrices, Coherence imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2012 Paper

A miniature forward-imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe

Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen

Proceedings Volume 8209, 82090Z (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.907507

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Tissues, Distance measurement, Eye, Optic nerve, GRIN lenses, Retina, Natural surfaces, Skin, Sclera

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2010 Paper

Experimental retinectomy with a 6.1 µm Q-switched Raman-shifted alexandrite laser

Karen Joos, Ratna Prasad, John Kozub, Borislav Ivanov, Anita Agarwal, Jin H. Shen

Proceedings Volume 7550, 75500X (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.846890

KEYWORDS: Retina, Alexandrite lasers, Q switched lasers, Mid-IR, Laser tissue interaction, Free electron lasers, Laser systems engineering, Vitreous, Raman spectroscopy, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2007 Paper

Endoscopic-approach development for minimally invasive orbital surgery

Karen Joos, Rohan Shah, Jin Shen

Proceedings Volume 6426, 64261D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702582

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Optic nerve, Carbon monoxide, Visibility, Endoscopy, Endoscopes, Surgery, Tissues, Waveguides, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2005 Paper

Corneal ablation using the pulse stretched free electron laser

Mark Mackanos, Karen Joos, John Kozub, E. Jansen

Proceedings Volume 5688, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596603

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Free electron lasers, Laser ablation, Cornea, Tissues, Optical fibers, Statistical analysis, Eye, Laser sources, Absorption

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The Mark-III Free Electron Laser (FEL), tuned to λ=6.45 μm has been demonstrated to provide for efficient ablation in ocular and neural tissues with minimal collateral damage. To date, the role of the FEL pulse structure on the mechanism of ablation has not been determined. In an effort to study the role of the FEL micropulse on the ablation of corneal tissue, the native pulse structure of the FEL, a 2.85 gigahertz repetition of picosecond pulses within a five microsecond macropulse envelope, was changed using a a pulse stretcher. This device changes the duration of the micropulse from 1 picosecond to 30-200 picoseconds in length, thus reducing the peak intensity of the micropulse by as much as 200x the original intensity, while the macropulse energy remains unchanged. Two basic metrics were studied: the ablation threshold on water and the ablation crater depth on gelatin. These metrics were employed at λ=6.45 and 6.1 μm for 1, 100, and 200 picoseconds in micropulse duration. The results showed a very slight difference between the 1, 100, and 200 picosecond micropulse duration, given a 200 fold decrease in peak energy for both the threshold and crater depth measurements. Brightfield imaging was also performed to probe the ablation dynamics and showed no difference between the 1 and 200 ps micropulses. The effect of changing the micropulse duration was studied on the ablation of canine cornea. Craters (500 micron diameter) were created with 25 pulses at three times the ablation threshold as determined for water on freshly enucleated corneas within 12 hours of removal. Three rows of seven craters were created on the center of each cornea. The native one picosecond micropulse and 200 picosecond stretched micropulse were compared at λ=6.1 and 6.45 μm. Histological data shows that less thermal damage is present at 6.1 μm compared with 6.45 μm; however, there is no significant difference between the native and stretched pulses with respect to thermal damage.

Proceedings Article | 18 April 2005 Paper

Attenuation of midinfrared free electron laser energy with eyewear

Karen Joos, William Gabella

Proceedings Volume 5688, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596606

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Lenses, Signal attenuation, Glasses, Laser safety, Microscopes, Sensors, Eyewear, Goggles, Objectives

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2003 Paper

Fiber-delivered mid-infrared (6-7 µm) laser ablation of retinal tissue under perfluorodecalin

Mark Mackanos, Karen Joos, E. Duco Jansen

Proceedings Volume 4951, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.482369

KEYWORDS: Laser ablation, Tissues, Retina, Optical fibers, Silver, Absorption, Free electron lasers, Vitreous, Eye, Laser tissue interaction

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2002 Paper

Acute optic nerve sheath fenestration in humans using the free electron laser (FEL): a case report

Karen Joos, Louise Mawn, Jin-Hui Shen, E. Duco Jansen, Vivien Casagrande

Proceedings Volume 4611, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.470579

KEYWORDS: Optic nerve, Free electron lasers, Surgery, Hollow waveguides, Nerve, Tissues, Medical research, Waveguides, Analytical research, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2002 Paper

Comparison of OPO and Mark-III FEL for tissue ablation at 6.45 um

Glenn Edwards, M. Shane Hutson, Susanne Hauger, John Kozub, Jin-Hui Shen, Charles Shieh, Katie Topadze, Karen Joos

Proceedings Volume 4633, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461379

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Tissues, Proteins, Picosecond phenomena, Laser ablation, Cornea, Diffusion, Explosives, Collagen, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2000 Paper

Free-electron laser effects on fibrin tissue glue: a preliminary study

Karen Joos, Katie Topadze, Charles Shieh, Jin-Hui Shen, Vivien Casagrande

Proceedings Volume 3908, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387516

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Surgery, Tissues, Laser tissue interaction, Blood, Laser therapeutics, Eye, Carbon dioxide lasers, Medical research, Ophthalmology

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 1999 Paper

Acute optic nerve sheath fenestration with the free-electron laser

Jin-Hui Shen, Vivien Casagrande, Karen Joos, Debra Shetlar, Richard Robinson, William Head, Julia Mavity-Hudson, Amy Nunnally

Proceedings Volume 3591, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350585

KEYWORDS: Optic nerve, Free electron lasers, Nerve, Hollow waveguides, Surgery, Astronomical imaging, Proteins, Ophthalmology, Visualization, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 1999 Paper

Importance of intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Karen Joos

Proceedings Volume 3591, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350568

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Mercury, Visualization, LASIK, Laser vision correction, Visual optics, Optic nerve, Surgery, Head, Platinum

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Proceedings Article | 5 June 1998 Paper

Hollow-waveguide-delivered infrared free-electron laser for microsurgical applications

Jin-Hui Shen, Karen Joos, James Harrington, Denis O'Day, Glenn Edwards

Proceedings Volume 3262, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.309466

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Hollow waveguides, Infrared radiation, Waveguides, Tissues, Infrared lasers, Surgery, Laser tissue interaction, Eye, Laser therapeutics

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1998 Paper

Modification of the Heidelberg retinal laser tomograph and flowmeter to allow measurements in supine patients

Karen Joos, Chasidy Singleton, Jin-Hui Shen, Wensi Sun, Denis O'Day

Proceedings Volume 3246, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.309437

KEYWORDS: Head, Optic nerve, Eye, Capillaries, Microscopes, Visualization, Macula, Blood circulation, Semiconductor lasers, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1998 Paper

Human cornea wound healing in organ culture after Er:YAG laser ablation

Jin-Hui Shen, Karen Joos, Richard Robinson, Debra Shetlar, Denis O'Day

Proceedings Volume 3246, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.309425

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Er:YAG lasers, Laser ablation, Air contamination, Tissues, Excimer lasers, Wound healing, Photography, Laser processing, Fetus

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 1997 Paper

Multiple wavelength laser suture lysis without slit lamp biomicroscopy in human cadaver eyes

Kian Kaz, Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen, Debra Shetlar

Proceedings Volume 2971, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275119

KEYWORDS: Lamps, Fiber lasers, Injuries, Optical fibers, Laser applications, Argon ion lasers, Visualization, Argon, Laser vision correction, Laser therapeutics

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 1997 Paper

Measurement of retinal vessel diameters in images produced by the Heidelberg retinal tomograph

Karen Joos, Chasidy Singleton, Jin-Hui Shen

Proceedings Volume 2971, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275112

KEYWORDS: Optic nerve, Head, Visualization, Time metrology, Image enhancement, Retina, Distance measurement, Image processing, Confocal microscopy, Image visualization

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 1997 Paper

Cultured human cornea healing process after free-electron-laser ablation

Jin-Hui Shen, Karen Joos, Debra Shetlar, Richard Robinson, Gurpreet Thind, Glenn Edwards, Denis O'Day

Proceedings Volume 2971, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275106

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Free electron lasers, Laser ablation, Air contamination, Excimer lasers, Infrared radiation, Eye, Tissues, Photography, Infrared lasers

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 1996 Paper

Argon endolaser suture lysis

Bruce Cameron, Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen

Proceedings Volume 2673, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240047

KEYWORDS: Argon ion lasers, Argon, Eye, Lamps, Tissues, Laser energy, Ophthalmology, Surgery, Head, Lens design

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 1996 Paper

Free Electron Laser (FEL) laser-tissue interaction with human cornea and optic nerve

Karen Joos, Glenn Edwards, Jin-Hui Shen, Debra Shetlar, Richard Robinson, Denis O'Day

Proceedings Volume 2673, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240051

KEYWORDS: Free electron lasers, Tissues, Cornea, Optic nerve, Laser tissue interaction, Laser development, Infrared radiation, Tissue optics, Picosecond phenomena, Ophthalmology

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Histologic comparison of needle, holmium:YAG, and erbium:YAG endoscopic goniotomy

Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen, Brian Rivera, Eleut Hernandez, Debra Shetlar

Proceedings Volume 2393, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209836

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Endoscopy, Visualization, Cornea, Tissues, Laser tissue interaction, Laser cutting, Microscopes, Iris, Surgery

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 1995 Paper

Ablation rate of the human cornea and PMMA with fifth harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser (213 nm)

Jin-Hui Shen, Fabrice Manns, Karen Joos, William Lee, David Denham, Per Soederberg, Jean-Marie Parel

Proceedings Volume 2330, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.199263

KEYWORDS: Laser ablation, Cornea, Polymethylmethacrylate, Nd:YAG lasers, Harmonic generation, Eye, Tissues, Laser optics, Ophthalmology, Refraction

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 1995 Paper

In vitro examination of the anterior chamber angle with a gradient-index (GRIN) lens endoscope

Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen, Jean-Marie Parel, Pascal Rol

Proceedings Volume 2330, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.199267

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Cornea, GRIN lenses, In vitro testing, Microscopes, Fiber lasers, Visualization, Video, Optical fibers, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 1994 Paper

Endoscopic goniotomy probe for holmium:YAG laser delivery

Karen Joos, Jin-Hui Shen, Qiushi Ren

Proceedings Volume 2126, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.178563

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Laser cutting, Endoscopy, Cornea, Fiber optics, Eye, Optical fibers, Laser beam diagnostics, Pulsed laser operation, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 1993 Paper

Endoscopic goniotomy: a potential surgical procedure for primary infantile glaucoma

Karen Joos, Wallace Alward, Robert Folberg

Proceedings Volume 1877, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.147530

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Visualization, Cornea, Iris, Endoscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Eye, Microscopy, Microscopes, Fiber optics

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Showing 5 of 34 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (8)

SPIE Conference Volume | 1 April 2022

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXII

SPIE Conference Volume | 23 April 2021

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI

SPIE Conference Volume | 7 June 2000

Ophthalmic Technologies X

SPIE Conference Volume | 18 June 1999

Ophthalmic Technologies IX

SPIE Conference Volume | 1 June 1998

Ophthalmic Technologies VIII

Showing 5 of 8 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (29)

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXV

25 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXIV

27 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXIII

28 January 2023 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXII

22 January 2022 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI

6 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXX

1 February 2020 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXIX

2 February 2019 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXVIII

27 January 2018 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXVII

28 January 2017 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXVI

13 February 2016 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXV

7 February 2015 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXIV

1 February 2014 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXIII

2 February 2013 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXII

21 January 2012 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XXI

22 January 2011 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XX

23 January 2010 | San Francisco, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XIX

24 January 2009 | San Jose, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XVIII

19 January 2008 | San Jose, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XVII

20 January 2007 | San Jose, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XVI

21 January 2006 | San Jose, California, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XV

22 January 2005 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XIV

24 January 2004 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies XIII

25 January 2003 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies X

22 January 2000 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies IX

23 January 1999 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies VIII

24 January 1998 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies VII

8 February 1997 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies VI

27 January 1996 | San Jose, CA, United States

Ophthalmic Technologies V

4 February 1995 | San Jose, CA, United States

Showing 5 of 29 Conference Committees

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