This work focused on the technology of luminescent down shift (LDS), with a primary aim to identify and investigate a methodology to introduce the metallic oxides as inorganic luminescent materials into EVA and PVB polymer encapsulant as emergent materials for photovoltaic application. For this goal, we propose to study the feasibility to implement the LDS functionality and to identify suitability of available luminescent to be incorporated into the host polymer encapsulant material. The first step to this direction was through a comprehensive optical study of metallic oxides nanoparticles in organic solvent. The methodology and experimental conditions such as laboratory polymer preparation and luminescence dye concentration were presented. Also, the emergent polymer encapsulant sheets were characterized by using optical analysis techniques. The absorption spectrum of the prepared PVB material shifts towards longer wavelengths, with increasing metallic oxides concentration.
In this paper, we propose to study the quality analysis of emerging EVA, comparatively to other encapsulant materials, in the PV market by additional analysis contribution developed in our recent investigations by using optical techniques (UV-visible transmission, photoluminescence…) and thermal analysis techniques. This contribution can induce a new methodology for long term PV module reliability in situ and outdoor exposure by using emerging encapsulant materials.
This work focused on the technology of luminescent down shift (LDS), with a primary aim to identify and investigate a methodology to introduce the luminescent quantum dots (LQD) into PVB polymer encapsulant as emergent material for photovoltaic application. For this goal, we propose to study the feasibility to implement the LDS functionality and to identify suitability of available luminescent to be incorporated into the host polymer encapsulant material. The first step to this direction was through a comprehensive optical study of LQD dyes in ethanol solvent. The methodology and experimental conditions such as laboratory polymer preparation and luminescence dye concentration were presented. Also, the emergent polymer encapsulant sheets were characterized by using optical analysis techniques. The absorption spectrum of the prepared PVB material shifts towards longer wavelengths, depending on the nature of the LQD.
The aim of these investigations was to identify and evaluate appropriate degradation indicators for PV encapsulation materials in order to qualify new and emergent polymeric components and to predict the lifetime of materials and modules. Therefore, the influence of the relevant stress parameters like ultraviolet radiation, corrosion environment and temperature-humidity cycles on the degradation behavior of EVA selected as encapsulant material had to be determined. Therefore, the material properties and the aging behavior were characterized by optical and thermal analysis techniques by infrared (IR) spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR), UV/VIS spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis, Raman analysis and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. Different degradation indicators were derived from the characterization methods and explicitly discussed considering the required property profile of polymers for PV encapsulation materials. Here, we describe a fast and non-destructive optical method to determine the EVA indoor aging.
The purpose of the experiment was to better understand the changes due to thermal transitions and the molecular organizations of PVB encapsulant material after cross linking process by thermal analysis methods as DSC, TSC and DMTA. DSC experiments on EVA show a glass transition at about -33.1°C, which is characteristic of crystalline phase and an endothermic peak at temperature of 55°C characteristic of amorphous phase. The basic results by TSC technique is that there are two relaxations that are reproducibly observed in crosslinked EVA encapsulant material. At temperature polarization 60 °C, a low temperature relaxation occurs at temperature -24.4°C and a high temperature relaxation occurs at temperature 30.4°C. DMTA results exhibit two tand peaks located at 14.9°C and 66.6°C. In addition, our results reveal that the glass transition temperature determined by TSC experiments in depolarization mode is more relevant than DSC and DMTA methods. TSC was chosen due to its low equivalent frequency consideration, useful to study encapsulant material exhibiting multiple relaxations.
This work focused on the technology of luminescent down shift (LDS), with a primary aim to identify and investigate a methodology to introduce the luminescent organic dye into PVB polymer encapsulant as emergent material for photovoltaic application. For this goal, we propose to study the feasibility to implement the LDS functionality and to identify suitability of available luminescent to be incorporated into the host polymer encapsulant material. The first step to this direction was through a comprehensive optical study of Violet 570 (V) organic dye in ethanol solvent. The methodology and experimental conditions such as laboratory polymer preparation and luminescence dye concentration were presented. Also, the emergent polymer encapsulant sheets were characterized by using optical and thermal analysis techniques. The absorption spectrum of the prepared PVB material shifts towards longer wavelengths, with increasing organic dye concentration.
KEYWORDS: Solar cells, Capacitance, Resistance, Photovoltaics, Circuit switching, Thin films, Thin film solar cells, Amorphous solar cells, Manufacturing, Silicon
The dark measurements technique which were developed to analyze the material properties of solar cells in a PV module and performed either at DC or at AC conditions, can give useful information on the quality of the active material. This technique leads to better understanding the PV module degradation processes, occurring during indoor qualification testing or in real operating conditions. To this purpose an indoor testing laboratory has been set up to detect and monitor the PV modules degradation. A simple technique, based on the analysis of the behaviour of PV devices biased by an AC signal on dark conditions, has been developed to easily and quickly evaluate some parameters like the series, the shunt resistances and the capacitance affecting their electrical characteristics. In the present paper the technique basic concepts will be illustrated. Preliminary experimental results, achieved by applying the technique to some kinds of PV modules based on simple and triple junction’s silicon amorphous solar cells, will be presented.
The polyvinyl butyral (PVB) encapsulant material is being evaluated as a candidate for use in photovoltaic solar cells
encapsulation process due to high stability against UV radiation and the high adhesive force to glass. This material is
used for a long time in automotive technology, building integrated vitrification and security glazing. The long experience
in this sector can direct be carried over to the photovoltaic industry. The purpose of this experimental investigation is to
better understand the electrical properties and thermal stability of PVB based encapsulant material and their dependence
on temperature will be presented. An overview of some main electrical and thermal properties of PVB is compared to
EVA.
KEYWORDS: Solar cells, Amorphous silicon, Thin films, Copper indium disulfide, Thin film solar cells, Temperature metrology, Solar energy, Manufacturing, Photovoltaics, Data conversion
This paper summarizes the electrical and thermal characterizations of thin film PV modules based on amorphous triple
junctions (3J: a-Si) and Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) thin film solar cells. Tests are operated in outdoor exposure and
under natural sunlight of Ghardaia (Algeria) as specific desert climate environment, characterized by high irradiation and
temperature levels. Data acquired from Environmental Operating Conditions (EOC) was converted into solar module
output characteristics at Standard Test Conditions (STC) by using three method suggested by Anderson and Mermoud
as well as the equations already standardized as IEC 60891. Then, based on the investigation results of the conversion
equations, differences among the converting methods (range of application, specificity of solar cell material, and
experimental test conditions) were studied.
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