Remote sensing retrieval of sea ice thickness can quickly and accurately obtain the spatiotemporal distribution information of large sea areas. This has important implications for marine resource utilization and global climate change impacts. This study aims to take the Bohai Sea as an example, use Landsat 8 data, and analyze the spectral characteristics of sea ice to establish sensitive indicators for sea ice thickness remote sensing retrieval and determine the functional relationship between these indicators and sea ice thickness. This paper first uses variance analysis to select the sensitive wavebands for sea ice thickness inversion and then uses factor analysis to conduct a comparative sensitivity analysis on various combinations of sensitive wavebands. Subsequently, the relationship between sea ice thickness and sensitive zones was quantitatively analyzed through regression analysis. Finally, the accuracy of the model was verified using measured data of sea ice thickness in the Bohai Sea in 2016 and 2023, compared with the existing albedo model, and the application of the model was demonstrated. The experimental results of variance analysis and factor analysis show that the visible light band shows strong sensitivity to sea ice thickness, among which the red light band is the most sensitive. The linear-weighted combination of visible light bands (B1-coastal, B2-blue, B3-green, and B4-red) shows a significant linear correlation with sea ice thickness, with a linear regression square value as high as 0.9709. Experimental verification shows that there is a significant linear correlation between the sea ice thickness inverted by each model and the measured thickness data. Research conclusions: (1) variance analysis and factor analysis methods can effectively select sensitive bands and evaluate the inversion effect of band combinations. (2) Either a single red light band or a linear combination of visible light bands can be used as a sensitive indicator for remote sensing retrieval of sea ice thickness. (3) There is a significant linear correlation function between sensitive indicators and sea ice thickness. (4) The measured data confirms the accuracy of the model. Compared with the albedo model, the inversion model proposed in this article is more sensitive to sea ice thickness and is less affected by clouds and sediment. It can provide a reference for the inversion simulation of sea ice thickness and also provide a demonstration for the application of the temporal and spatial distribution laws of sea ice.
Measuring the microscopic and macroscopic optical properties of smoke aerosols is important in column concentration retrieval by remote sensing for environmental monitoring. Based on the radiation transfer theory, we constructed a physical model to correlate microscopic and macroscopic optical properties of smoke aerosols. According to the experiment, the mass extinction coefficient and mass angular scattering coefficient of smoke aerosols in the visible-near infrared (400 to 2400 nm) show the strongest extinction and scattering effects on the visible light, which are negatively correlated with wavelength. They were applied to smoke column concentration retrieval based on Landsat8/operational land imager and MODIS images by the established model. Then the optimal bands for smoke detection were analyzed. It indicates that the surface underlying the smoke has impact on the optimal band of smoke detection, and red-light band is optimal for vegetation background.
The identification of minerals in rocks from thin section images is a basic task of geoscience. Compared with traditional manual interpretation, machine recognition is widely used in mineral classification for its advantages of speed and objectivity. It is an important scientific issue to choose which mineral feature to use for automatic classification. Based on this, the texture features of thin mineral images were specially studied in frequency domain. Firstly, the primary texture classification variables were obtained by simulating the radial statistical analysis of images and mineral samples; then, the separability was verified by variance analysis, and the variables were combined based on the factor analysis method; lastly, classification verification of mineral samples was carried out by discriminant analysis. The experimental results show that the low frequency information accounts for about 95% of the energy in the sample spectrum, and the classification efficiency is significantly higher than the test threshold. The total classification accuracy of Texture Contour Factor (TCF) and Texture Detail Factor (TDF) is 89.6%, which is obtained by factor analysis. The results show that the frequency features in the thin section mineral images can effectively reflect the changes of mineral texture and have a good effect on the automatic classification of mineral images.
Identification of high temperature targets has great significance to environmental monitoring, disaster warning, resources investigation, and so on. It is also an important basis for the temperature inversion of high temperature targets. Factor analysis starts from the similarity matrix of variables or samples. It sums the multiple variables or multiple samples up to a few factors via performing correlation analysis on them. It can extract information with the least amount of information loss. R-mode factor analysis is conducted to ETM+ remote sensing imagery to get the relationship among band variables. The fire factor, which has indicative significance for the high temperature targets, is confirmed on the basis of factor loading matrix. The mixture tuned matched filtering method is adopted in this article to use factor scores to realize high temperature target recognition. The identification precision reaches 95% in the field confirmation.
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