A modified spectrometer with tandem gratings that exhibits high spectral resolution and imaging quality for solar observation, monitoring, and understanding of coastal ocean processes is presented in this study. Spectral broadband anastigmatic imaging condition, spectral resolution, and initial optical structure are obtained based on geometric aberration theory. Compared with conventional tandem gratings spectrometers, this modified design permits flexibility in selecting gratings. A detailed discussion of the optical design and optical performance of an ultraviolet spectrometer with tandem gratings is also included to explain the advantage of oblique incidence for spectral broadband.
In order to overcome the irradiance responsivity calibration troubles caused by the weak response of most spectral
radiometers in ultraviolet band and poor ratio of signal to noise, and to meet special calibration condition for some
remote sensing spectroradiometers in space, a spectral irradiance responsivity calibration unit based on parallel light
illumination mode is established, it is composed of a 150W deuterium lamp and a spherical mirror. The calibration unit
gets the output standard value of spectral irradiance by irradiance transfer, this way avoids the spectral reflectance
measurement difficulty of the spherical mirror. A flight spectral radiometer model used for space remote sense was
calibrated in range from 160nm to 300nm, the calibration error of spectral irradiance responsivity is 4.7%. Some factors
which contribute to calibration uncertainties are discussed.
With the deep research of measurement for microscopic or nanometer level scale at present the concept of Critical Dimension(CD) is pointed out in many papers[1,4,], they always include some analyses of measuring uncertainty for current technology of measurement, but our new idea or definition for geometrical action scale (GAS) is the limited scale or uncertainty of measurement in microscope that we can approach to for the most advanced method, technology, set-up or instrument, for example: The modern interferometer, SPM[5] and other various scattering experiments using the beam of microscopic particles. It would be found that the research included fundamentals for microscopic particle geometric scale is not easy to explore, some reasons perhaps are affected by which the classical quantum mechanics study of matter usually start from energy or energy level not from geometrical scale and by the Heisenberg relation of measuring uncertainty. Our work just wants to research on these fundamentals in physics for microscopic particles geometric scale. At first, a new physical quantity relative to microscopic particle geometric scale is directly suggested in this paper, it also may be deduced from the completeness of units system or dimension system refer to optics principles or quantum optics principles. We find that the wavelength of Louis de Broglie matter wave is either the length dimension or relative to the geometric scale of microscopic particles, and we define it as the geometrical action scale (GAS) of microscopic particles. The significance of the geometrical scale of microscopic particles or GAS in physics is discussed.
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