The integration of metasurfaces onto the end faces of optical fibers holds great promise for numerous applications. Traditional top-down fabrication struggles with optical fiber geometry. Our presentation reveals a solution: 3D nanoprinting via direct laser writing to create nanopillar metasurfaces on fiber end faces. This concept gives rise to a novel kind of fiber devices called meta-fibers, allowing for shaping the fiber's output properties. We showcase two applications: (i) achromatic fiber-interfaced metasurface lenses covering the entire telecommunication range, and (ii) meta-fibers generating structured light. These meta-fibers utilize dielectric nanopillars of varying heights, a capability unique to the nanoprinting process.
We demonstrate a metafiber platform capable of creating arbitrarily structured light on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. The metasurface is directly printed on the end face of a commercial polarization-maintaining optical fiber through 3D laser nanoprinting process. The release of height degree of freedom greatly expands the 3D meta-atom library, empowering metasurfaces to independently manipulate phase and polarization. Our work provides a paradigm for advancing optical fiber science and technology towards fiber-integrated light shaping, which may find important applications in fiber communications, fiber lasers and sensors, endoscopic imaging, fiber lithography, and lab-on-fiber technology.
Optical vortices promise enhanced optical and quantum information processing via the orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nanophotonics opens the possibility of realizing subwavelength optical vortices through coupling optical beams into subwavelength surface polaritons in the near-field, although the topological charge is always fixed. We report dispersion-driven topological charge multiplication by leveraging the strong sublinear dispersion of low-loss surface phonon polaritons on silicon carbide membranes, capable of switching the topological charges within a small ∼3% frequency range in the mid-infrared frequency range. This offers the possibility of all-optical ultrafast switching of optical vortices at mid-infrared frequencies.
Three-dimensional direct laser writing by photopolymerization is a technique allowing micro- and nanofabrication at the diffraction limit and particularly suited for fabrication on a variety of substrates. This presentation will focus on our recent efforts to generate novel fibre waveguiding structures and metasurfaces interfaced to conventional optical fibres using this technology. The first part of the talk will focus on light cages, assemblies of thin strands of polymer which allow guiding of radiation in an air core centre. The open nature of the cage makes this geometry particularly suited for sensing and explorations of light/matter interactions.
The second part will focus on the interfacing of metasurfaces with fibres for applications such as broadband focusing and imaging.
We demonstrate the use of 3D direct laser writing method to fabricate large-scale 3D metasurfaces with unleashed height degree of freedom. We showcased multiple 3D laser-nanoprinted metasurfaces for a range of photonic applications, including ultrahigh-bandwidth holography, metafibre-enabled optical trapping, highly sensitive molecular sensing, achromatic fibre-optic focusing and imaging, and structured light generation on metafibres. The optical performance of our demonstrated 3D laser-nanoprinted metasurfaces surpass existing 2D metasurfaces fabricated from planar lithography. This metasurface fabrication platform allows superior integration with other photonic elements, such as optical fibres, holding great potential for advanced classical and quantum light manipulation.
Selective control of light is essential for optical science and technology with numerous applications. I will review nanophotonic waveguides and integrated couplers used for selective coupling and spatial control of multiple degrees of freedom of light. I will highlight our recent development of hybrid nanophotonic circuits for optical logic operations and on-chip information processing. I will present the design and application of an OAM-controlled hybrid nanowire circuit for optical logic operations including AND and OR gates, as well as of an active hybrid nanophotonic circuit that enables nonlinear optical selectivity based on the spin and OAM of light.
For the enhancement of light matter interactions plasmon resonances have been crucial. However, their low quality factors have limited their application in areas requiring high spectral selectivity. A new approach involving the design and 3D laser nanoprinting of plasmonic nanofin metasurfaces has been demonstrated to support bound states in the continuum up to the 4th order. The out-of-plane symmetry of the nanofins can be fine-tuned by altering the triangle angle, enabling control over the ratio of radiative to intrinsic losses. Pixelated molecular sensing in the Mid-IR unveiled the importance of precise coupling tailoring in order to create high performance sensors.
In this presentation, a new concept of an achromatic metafiber that focuses light coming out from the fiber facet over wavelengths of interest will be introduced. The achromatic metafiber consists of achromatic metalens microprinted on a telecommunication single-mode fiber. The 3D meta-atoms of which height is a geometric degree of freedom provide large variation of group delay, capable of realizing large time-bandwidth product. As a demonstration, direct scanning confocal imaging using the metafiber is facilitated over entire telecommunication wavelengths. Our compact achromatic metafiber may envisage many photonics applications such as hyperspectral imaging, in vivo deep-tissue imaging, and wavelength-multiplexed fiber communications.
Metasurface technology has allowed the use of ultrathin optical materials to manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, leading to a versatile platform for digitising optical holograms with nanoscale resolution. To date, however, the bandwidth of a metasurface hologram has remained too low for practical use. Recently, twisted light holography was introduced, opening the possibility of storing holographic information in different OAM modes. We present the design and 3D laser nanoprinting of a large-scale complex-amplitude metasurface for ultrahigh-dimensional OAM-multiplexing holography in momentum space. Such a metasurface hologram allows lensless reconstruction of a record high number of 60 independent holographic images.
Metasurface technology has allowed the use of ultrathin optical materials to realize complete control of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, leading to a versatile platform for optical wavefront manipulation with nanoscale resolution. However, conventional metasurface fabrication relies on planar lithography methods that lead to metasurfaces with limited design freedom in a 2D plane. Here we present the design and 3D laser nanoprinting of 3D meta-optics in a polymer matrix with unlocked height degree of freedom. We show that these 3D-nanoprinted metasurfaces can be used for high-bandwidth holography and on-fiber wavefront engineering.
Similar to the other physical dimensions of light, such as time, space, polarization, wavelength, and intensity, optical angular momentum (AM) is another physically-orthogonal dimension of light. Owing to an unbounded set of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes carried by helically-phased beams, the availability of using AM-carrying beams as information carrier to generate, transport and detect optical signals has recently been largely explored in both classical and quantum optical communications, suggesting that AM is indeed a promising candidate to dramatically boost the optical multiplexing capacity. However, the extrinsic nature of OAM modes restricts conventional OAM multiplexing to bulky phase sensitive elements, imposing a fundamental limit for realizing on-chip OAM multiplexing. Recently, we demonstrate an entirely-new concept of nanoplasmonic multiplexing of AM of light, which for the first time enables AM multiplexing to be carried out by an integrated device with six orders of magnitude reduced footprint as compared to the conventional OAM detectors. We show that nanoring slit waveguides exhibit a distinctive outcoupling efficiency on tightly-confined plasmonic AM modes coupled from AM-carrying beams. More intriguingly, unlike the linear momentum sensitivity with a typical sharp resonance, the discovered AM mode-sorting sensitivity is nonresonant in nature, leading to an ultra-broadband AM multiplexing ranging from visible to terahertz wavelengths. This nanoplasmonic manipulation of AM of ultra-broadband light offers exciting avenues for future on-chip AM applications in highly-sensitive bio-imaging and bio-sensing, ultrahigh-bandwidth optical communications, ultrahigh-definition displays, and ultrahigh-capacity data storage.
Based on the strong correlation between nondimensional wave height and wave age, we propose a quartic polynomial model by piecewise method according to significant wave height. In order to validate our new model, a validation dataset was created by interpolating the mean wave period data of ERA-40 to 23 cycles counterpart measuring points of Jason-1 altimeter with bilinear interpolation. We found that (1) the previous inversion models based on altimeter measurements cannot provide enough accuracy with our global validation dataset; (2) compared with H98 model, the RMS error and bias were reduced by 0.8949 s and 0.3759 s, respectively, by piecewise quartic polynomial model. Furthermore, the bias of the new model is −0.0197 s, which indicates that it offers enough accuracy in the global range.
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