This work is devoted to studying the efficiency of excitation and support of waveguide modes for a non-Hermitian optical system consisting of two thin optically coupled subwavelength periodic structures. Excitation modes of various modes were studied depending on the angle of incidence of the exciting field for the visible and near-IR ranges for TE and TM polarizations. The possibilities of excitation of single-mode regimes with high field localization in thin subwavelength structures, as well as regime of hybridization modes, have been studied. The excitation modes of the unidirectional waveguide mode, when linearly polarized light (TM) is incident on an optically coupled system of two subwavelength periodic structures, have been separately studied. We analyzed the Q-factors for various permittivity modulation profiles, as well as the features of the eigenstates of the system under consideration, and studied the behavior of the system near exceptional points, which can be effectively used to control the switching of waveguide modes. Research was carried out, in particular, for AlGaAs/GaAs lattices, for which a decrease in the thickness of the active region leads to a decrease in the optical confinement factor and a decrease in the lasing threshold.
The paper investigates the resonances of reflection (transmission) of a structure consisting of two optically coupled subwavelength silicon rectangular diffraction gratings, separated by a layer of optically transparent dielectric. The considered structure combines gain, loss and optical coupling coefficient of the periodic structure to effectively operate in parity-time symmetry mode. The spectral characteristics of the resonant reflection (transmission) of the metastructure are analyzed both in PT-symmetry mode and when switching the system to broken PT-symmetry mode. The advantages and disadvantages of using optical parity-time symmetry to control resonant reflection (transmission) for TM- and TEpolarized light incidence are demonstrated. It is shown that changing the relative arrangement of the gain and loss gratings with respect to the incident signal field significantly affects the ratio of transmission and reflection coefficients. All results are obtained considering the dispersion of the materials used.
The use of metasurfaces as scales of optical rotation angle sensors (encoders) makes it possible to reduce their overall dimensions by several orders of magnitude. The paper briefly discusses one of the possible options for implementing a rotation angle sensor with a scale from a metasurface. As a scale it is proposed to use a metasurface – a dielectric onedimensional subwavelength array designed to operate in the infrared spectral range (at a wavelength of 1.5 microns). By the finite element method, a prototype of an optical angular scale from a metasurface has been developed by computer modeling. The results of an experimental study of a prototype of an optical angular scale from a metasurface are presented. The metasurface was made of tantalum oxide and deposited on a quartz glass substrate. For the convenience of the study, the size of the scales was set to 400 × 400 microns, but if necessary, it can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude. The dependences of the transmission spectra of the prototype scale on its rotation angle are experimentally investigated.
The purpose of this study is to develop an optical inclination angle sensor using a metasurface as a scale. We propose to use the dependence of the reflection or transmission spectrum of the metasurface on the direction of light incident on it to measure the inclination angle. The disadvantages of this approach when using the simplest completely passive metasurfaces are considered. In particular, the use of bulky devices to scan the spectrum of the structure. As an alternative, the possibility of using metasurfaces with parity-time-symmetry properties to measure the inclination angle is proposed and investigated. Then no spectrum scanning of the metasurface is required to perform inclination angle measurements. As an example, a metastructure formed by two optically coupled subwavelength diffraction gratings (one of which is characterized by losses, and the other by gain) with a rectangular stroke profile is considered. The study is based on computer modeling by the finite element method.
The article describes an optical response of metastructure consisted of two optically coupled resonant subwavelength rectangular - profile diffraction gratings, between which a layer of optically transparent dielectric was placed. The features of optical resonance transmittance and reflectance for optical PT-symmetry mode was numerical investigated and some advantages of using optical PT-symmetry for resonance transmittance (reflectance) improving was demonstrated. The spectral characteristics of the metastructure change when the pumping level changes and when the system switches from the optical parity-time-symmetry mode to the broken parity-time-symmetry mode were analyzed too.
To date, many works devoted to the influence of grazing angle on the spectral properties of nanostructured metasurfaces have been published. In this case, the dependence of the spectrum on grazing angle was previously considered within the framework of solving filtering problems, for example: constructing tunable optical filters based on metasurfaces; development of a bandpass filter with characteristics that are minimally dependent on the angle of incidence of light (angular tolerant color filter), etc. We propose to use the described property of nanostructured metasurfaces for solution of an inverse problem – determination of light incidence angle from the change in the metasurface spectral response. It will provide no-contact determination of an inclination angle of an object, on which the metasurface is installed; it is a step towards creating a miniature and accurate angle sensor. We consider the idea of using metasurfaces to measure inclination angles of objects on the basis of dielectric subwavelength gratings using computer simulation. We also analyze the possibility of simultaneous measurement of rotations (inclination angles) along two orthogonal axes using the same nanostructured metasurface.
The article presents a study of the dependence of the change in the shape of the resonance transmission line for optical thin dielectric gratings. The result of changing the duty cycle for high and low medium contrast while maintaining the amount of substance has been demonstrated. The results of the effect of the filling factor on the resonance transmission width and the frequency position in the normal TE wave drop are numerically investigated. Results for various options of a angles of the falling bunch at various coefficients of filling are presented. The effect of refractive index contrast of this structure on the width and shape of resonance lines was analyzed. In the first approximation, effective refractive indices and effective thicknesses for such structures were calculated. Conclusions are drawn about the conditions under which the structure can be considered optically thin.
In recent decades a noticeable surge in research on nanostructured materials and their interactions with light has been observed. This is explained not only by basic interest, but also by the potential of miniaturization of devices and the expansion of their functional capabilities through the use of metasurfaces. On the other hand, in the last decade a pronounced tendency towards miniaturization of position control and navigation systems can be observed either. A need of positioning and navigation of small-sized mobile objects arises frequently. At the same time, the size of controlled objects is constantly decreasing, and the development of sensors for micro- and nanoscale objects is already required nowadays. Therefore, the use of nanostructured metasurfaces in position control and navigation systems seems to be extremely promising. We focus on the use of nanostructured metasurfaces for rotation angle determination. We discuss a new rotation angle measurement method where metasurface amplitude response is used, its main advantages and disadvantages are demonstrated, a variant of its improvement is proposed.
We report the results of analysis of ways of application of nanostructured metasurfaces in rotation angle sensor (angle encoders). The dependence of optical properties of nanostructured metasurfaces upon their orientation relative to the incident optical radiation service as the basis of the study. The metasurfaces’ response to the incident radiation allows to judged on the mutual orientation of the radiation source and the metasurface. This allows to use metasurfaces as angle encoder scales. We discuss the possibility of using of amplitude and phase response of different types of metasurfaces. The main attention is paid to metasurfaces in the form of plasmonic nanorods, Pancharatnam–Berry elements and Cshaped antennas. The overall dimensions of the scales of angular encoders based on metasurfaces (width and length or diameter) can be tens of microns or less. Thus, the use of metasurfaces in angular encoders allows to reduce their size by orders of magnitude. Alongside, the use of metasurfaces should allow to realize non-contact measurements of the rotation angle (when only the scale based on the metasurface is placed on the controlled object or a part of an object itself acts as a scale) and to implement an absolute rotation angle sensor without significant increase of its size and manufacture complexity.
In the present work the properties of laser-induced MW discharge was investigated experimentally. For these purpose both Slieren and interferometry techniques has been developed. Laser spark is created by impulse Ruby laser (6943 A, 0.22 J pulse energy and 25 ns-pulse duration) in focal point of short-focus lens (12 mm). This point is placed in the vicinity of the main maximum of MW-field in the focal area of parabolic mirror. The X-range impulse MW generator with output power 180 kW and pulse duration 1,2 μs via radiating system illuminates the focal area. Digital synchronous Schlieren system is used for visualisation of shock wave structures, exciting by laser spark and initiated MW discharge. The temporal evolution of optical density fields for breakdown plasma and thermal well, arising on this place are studied using the high-sensitive intro-chamber Fabry-Perot interferometer. Investigation area of supersonic flow is placed
between the interferometer mirrors, which is installed inside the test chamber. In this case the chamber windows are not included in the optical path of the interferometer and it sensitivity for intro-cavity phase objects becomes very high. Intro-chamber plane interferometer Fabry-Perot has fineness about 14, light orifice diameter 86 mm and distance between mirrors 650 mm. Interferometer operates with single - frequency, stabilising (σλ/λ≤10-10)He-Ne laser with output power 1 mW . The interference picture is analysing by the high-sensitive gated (exposition time 1-500 μs) CCD camera.
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