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With the rapid development of the city, urban rail transit has also entered the fast lane of development. Many scholars have studied the deformation of foundation pit excavation without adjacent bridge piles. However, with more and more engineering construction adjacent to viaduct piles, the foundation pit engineering is also developing in the direction of 'deep, large, near, difficult and dangerous'. It is becoming more and more important to study the deformation law of foundation pit adjacent to bridge piles. As a powerful analysis tool, finite element software has been widely used in practical engineering. This paper takes a practical project in Jinan as the background and compares the numerical simulation with the measured data to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation. It is found that the difference between the surface settlement affected by the surrounding bridge pile and the maximum cumulative settlement value without the influence of the bridge pile can reach three times, which also reflects the existence of the bridge pile to a certain extent on the surface settlement. Under the influence of no bridge pile, the lateral deformation 'peak point' of the retaining structure is obvious, while the bridge pile exists on the side of the active zone, which will have a great influence on the deformation of the retaining structure, mainly in the excavation direction. The deformation is uniform, and the 'peak point' becomes not obvious. Due to the existence of bridge piles in the active area, it has a great influence on the deformation of the retaining structure, which greatly weakens the original 'peak point', and it can be seen that the retaining effect of the bridge pile is very obvious. By comparing with the finite element software, it is found that the difference between the simulation results and the measured data is small, which has a strong reference and can provide reference for similar engineering design and evaluation.
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