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The study focuses on the perforation process of ultra-long drilling and grouting piles under the complex geological conditions of the Yellow River alluvial plain. Spectral clustering analysis is employed to conduct an in-depth investigation of various regional geological attributes. These geological attributes include soil heterogeneity, fluctuations in groundwater levels, and the accumulation of sediments, which significantly influence the perforation behavior of ultra-long drilling and grouting piles. After collecting geological attribute data from 300 sample points, the spectral clustering algorithm is applied to categorize these points into five distinct geological categories. Through a detailed analysis of the clustering results, distinct characteristics of different geological categories and their spatial distribution within the research area are obtained. For regions with high sediment water content, it is recommended to use underwater construction techniques, utilizing suspended construction platforms to enhance foundation stability. Directional drilling using rock drills and foundation reinforcement through grouting piles is suggested in areas with low rock water content. In clayey soil regions, the construction technique of mixing piles is recommended to improve the strength and stability of the clay. Vibratory piles may be a practical choice for sandy soil regions, with the consideration of using jet grouting piles to enhance pile stability. In areas with complex strata, a multi-technique approach, such as combination piles, is advised to adapt to diverse geological conditions. This study not only provides an in-depth understanding of the geological attributes under the complex geological conditions of the Yellow River alluvial plain but also offers practical guidance for the construction techniques of ultra-long drilling and grouting piles. This guidance holds substantial significance for the foundation engineering design and construction in the Yellow River alluvial plain region.
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