We investigated the effects of modulation frequency on image quality with FD-HD-DOT through simulations with a realistic noise model of functional activations in human head models, arising from 11 source modulation frequencies between CW and 1,000 MHz. Functional reconstructions were simulated in five fMRI-based head models covered by 158 light sources and 166 detectors and a realistic noise model was considered. We quantitatively evaluated image quality by assessing the localization error (LE), success rate, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and full volume at half maximum (FVHM) of recoveries. The results show that the optimized frequencies are about 300~500 MHz for image quality and 300 MHz for reliable field of view when accounting for realistic noise.
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