Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection in poultry is a serious global epidemiological and economic problem. Usually, MS pathogen is responsible for respiratory disease, infectious synovitis and the eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA). The EAA may lead to an increase in the incidence of cracks and breaks of eggshells which often are reason of microbial infections and higher water vapor loss during the entire incubation process. All these problems can cause higher embryonic mortality and lead to significant economic losses. Most of eggs with EEA posses characteristic deformation of an eggshell, however, a number of those eggs infected by MS may be omitted during visual inspection. To prevent such situation a combined Full-Field OCT (FF OCT) and spectral technique for detection of MS infected pieces is proposed. After a numerical processing from a recorded transmittance spectra of a eggshell a few parameters are calculated. Those parameters describe the shape of the transmittance spectrum understood for example as the directional coefficient of a line matched to a graph, or maximum amplitudes of changes in a specified range of wavelengths. Analyses of those parameters allow shells assignment into one of two groups – eggs coming from healthy and MS infected poultry. Data obtained from FF OCT allow more precise evaluation of MS influence on the eggshell, for example changes in the micropores, which are responsible for proper embryo – environment gas exchange [1]. Authors present a new approach to food quality testing which in near future may be applied to reduce the egg production losses caused by MS in the commercial poultry industry.
Carbon nanotubes as well as graphene are allotropic forms of carbon. Graphene is a two dimensional (2D) form of atomic-scale, hexagonal lattice, while carbon nanotube is a cylindrical nanostructure composed of a rolled sheet of graphene lattice at specific and discrete angles.
Both of discussed materials have a high potential for modern engineering, especially in organic and printed electronics. High transparency in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and low electrical resistance are desirable features in various applications and may be fulfilled with studied carbon nanomaterials. They have chances to become an important technological improvement in customers electronic devices by applying them to electrodes production in flexible screens and light sources.
Graphene end carbon nanotubes are conceptually similar. However, characteristic properties of these two substances are different. In the article authors present the results of the transmission in visible electromagnetic spectrum characteristics of different samples. This parameter and the resistance of electrodes are tested, analysed and compared. Characteristics of optical transmittance against resistance with the optimal point of that relationship are presented in paper. Moreover, dependency of graphene nanoplatelets agglomerates arrangement against type of nano-fillers is shown.
Two groups of tested inks contain graphene nanoplatelets with different fillers diameters. The third group contains carbon nanotubes.
Described parameters are important for production process and results of analysis can be used by technologists working with elastic electronics.
Graphene nanoplatelets exhibit high potential for current engineering applications, particularly in context of conductive inks for organic and flexible electronic. Electrodes for organic displays are expected to be transparent in the visible part of electromagnetic spectrum.
Thus this study aimed at full-field transmission measurements in the visible wavelength range. The paper presents transmission characteristics of different graphene samples. Samples, prepared using spray coating methods contained 3 types of deposited inks. Each of them was based on different concentration and size of graphene nanoplatelets. Moreover, they had various numbers of layers. Such materials were characterized by different parameters, like distribution of deposited carbon nanoparticles which is influencing layers homogeneity, resulting in different optical properties.
Further, this research tries to establish a robust indicators characterizing examined samples. Authors built in Institute novel scanning optical system with fiber-based, compact spectrometer instead of other expensive techniques used for material characteristic in nanosciences i.e. high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. An optical scheme, design of system and technical parameters are described.
Performed examinations show, that number of parameters derived from our measurements, strongly correlate with physical properties of deposited inks. Authors estimated surface roughness, homogeneity and distribution of nanoparticles agglomerates within the deposited layers.
Presented results suggest, that this novel cost-effective, simple optical method of materials characterization especially in production of graphene nanoplates coatings can be promising in concern of repeatability assessment and optical properties.
Polymer substrates which are covered with a thin layer of graphene nanoplatelets or carbon nanotubes have a big potential for modern engineering, especially in organic electronics. The main advantage of those materials is transparency in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This property creates a possibility of using these materials to produce electrodes in flexible screens and light sources. It is necessary to know the transmission characteristics of these materials to assess their usefulness in optoelectronics. In the article authors present the results of the conducted research on the transmittance characteristics of different samples. The samples contained different deposited substances. They had various diameters of the graphene nanoplatelets, one group contained carbon nanotubes. Samples had 50 or 100 layers. The authors examine the influence of these parameters on ink transmittance and ink transmittance uniformity. These analyses are a base for future research on flexible carbon electrodes, especially for applying them in production of flexible organic displays and light sources.
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