Accurate measurement of the position of the reference fiber is the key to ensure the positioning accuracy of the fiber, but due to the large aperture and large field of view of the LAMOST telescope, the diameter of its focal plate reaches 1.75m. The reference fiber is installed in the unit hole of the detection system as a reference. The reference fiber, which is the reference of the detection system, is installed in the unit hole of the focal plate, and the accurate detection of its position can only rely on the high-precision spatial measurement performance of the laser tracker. However, the systematic error of the laser tracker itself, as well as the temperature change and air flow in the environment have a large impact on the measurement results. This paper proposes a measurement error compensation device based on the relative position of spatial standard length rods, which consists of two or three indium steel rods with extremely small thermal expansion coefficients and accurately calibrated lengths as a reference, and the measurement deviations of the rod lengths and relative positions of the rods and the rods at the time of operation are related to the measurement errors of the reference fiber. According to the relevant algorithm, the position error of the reference fiber on the focal plane can be corrected in real time. Finally, experiments show that this device can effectively reduce the error of the laser tracker in the measurement of the position of the reference fiber.
The high-precision calibration technique of stereo photography systems plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional position of LAMOST fibers. This paper proposes an improved calibration method for stereo photography systems. Firstly, building upon four sets of purely translational vertical movements, precise camera intrinsic parameters can be obtained by compensating for verticality errors. Secondly, a principal point estimation model with varying focal lengths effectively reduces the strong coupling of camera intrinsic parameters. Finally, a precise global optimization method based on the coplanarity of chessboard grid corner points is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the single-target calibration reprojection error of this method can be reduced to as low as 0.0697 pixels, with a stereo distance measurement accuracy of up to 99.9806%.
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is undergoing final system debugging for the closed-loop fiber position system. The accuracy of the benchmark position of the fiducial fibers is a key factor affecting the closed-loop fiber position system; The more accurate the benchmark position of the fiducial fibers, the higher the accuracy of the photogrammetric system, and the accuracy of fiber position will also be improved. We have measured the position of the fiducial fibers for two consecutive years. Two laser trackers installed at different sites were used to simultaneously measure the position of the fiducial fibers on the focal plane, and the measurement result were compensated for errors using high-precision indium steel standard rods and control points. Afterwards, we conducted fusion on two sets of the laser tracker data, ultimately obtaining the position of the fiducial fibers. Compared the position of the fiducial fibers obtained from two years of measurement with the theoretical hole position of the fiducial fibers, the results showed that the average measurement accuracy of the fiducial fibers was within 200 μm. When comparing the position of the fiducial fibers horizontally, the stability difference between the two years was around 100 μm. After applying the benchmark position to the closed-loop fiber position system, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of fiber position is 16.57 μm, and the position accuracy of 97.45% fibers is within 40 μm.
In the closed-loop fiber positioning control mode of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), stringent requirement is needed for time efficiency. Due to the high-resolution image required for fiber positioning and the impact of image transmission, there is still room for improvement in the current closed-loop control's time efficiency. The total time required for all fiber positioner to complete a positioning must be less than 5 minutes. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved fiber position high-precision detection method based on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), which can fully utilize the computational resources of the edge hardware platform for image processing and significantly save the time required for computing high-resolution images. This paper compares the impact of several threshold algorithms on the centroid algorithm and uses Vivado HLS to port the algorithm to the FPGA. By labeling the spots, the centroid coordinates of the spots can be obtained in a single scan image. The results show that the FPGA-based centroid algorithm can effectively reduce the image processing time, and the improved centroid algorithm is more suitable for running on the FPGA. The algorithm has been experimentally verified and has been preliminarily applied to the closed-loop detection system of LAMOST. In the future, it can be further optimized and applied to the closed-loop detection system for multiple accumulations to improve detection accuracy, as well as to the next-generation multi-object astronomical telescope detection system with tens of thousands of fiber position detections.
Realizing accurate positioning with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) closed-loop system depends on accurate high-precision calibration of the visual measurement system, which has a great impact on collision avoidance and accurate positioning. We designed fiducial fibers for the calibration of the LAMOST closed-loop system to provide accurate fiducial positions for visual measurement. The benchmark position accuracy of the fiducial fibers is a key factor affecting the accuracy of the visual measurement system; the more accurate the fiducial fiber positions are, the higher the visual measurement correction accuracy. In this study, three measurement methods were used to obtain the fiducial fiber positions, namely, measuring the hole positions using a coordinate measuring machine, imaging the fiducial fibers using a calibrated photographic system, and directly measuring the fiducial fiber spatial positions using a laser tracker. By evaluating the fiber positions obtained via the three methods, we can obtain a stable and reliable fiducial fiber position benchmark. A fiducial fiber positions evaluation method based on an optimal residual criterion is proposed, and the optimal residual solution for a small calibration target (SCT) is used to evaluate the optimal fiducial fiber measurement method. Specifically, the fiducial positions obtained via each of the three methods are used to invert the camera calibration parameters, which are then used to calculate the physical position of an SCT. Finally, the residual value between the calculated and theoretical positions is taken as the standard for evaluating the fiducial fiber measurement benchmark performance. The results show that the fiducial fiber positions measured using the laser tracker can be applied to effectively calibrate the photographic system, enabling the LAMOST vision measurement system to achieve a positioning accuracy of nearly 10 μm with the camera 20 m from the focal surface, whereas the accuracy is within 20 μm for ∼95 % of the measurement points.
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