Specimen radiography is critical to cancer diagnostics, but conventional transmission X-ray imaging often lacks the contrast to conclusively differentiate healthy from cancerous tissue. X-ray diffraction (XRD), however, has been shown to be sensitive to structural changes in tissue that are correlated with cancer progression. We use a home-built XRD imaging system to study glioblastoma in brain tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in breast tissue, and identify both commonalities and unique aspects of cancer structural changes in the brain and breast. These findings demonstrate the potential for XRD imaging as a new tool for use in both research and diagnostic medicine.
Understanding the material composition everywhere in a three-dimensional volume is important for medical, security, and material science applications. Using a fan beam geometry with detector-side coded aperture, we demonstrate fast, high-resolution 3D X-ray diffraction (XRD) imaging. The XRD imaging system has a 15 x 15 cm2 field of view with a spatial resolution of approximately 1x1.5x7 mm3 (width x length x depth), a fractional momentum transfer resolution of approximately 10%, and scan times on the order of 10 minutes. Using this system, we show the ability to differentiate between two similar-density organic materials (water and PLA) in 3D using conventional, off-the-shelf components.
Photon counting detectors with energy resolving capabilities have the potential to improve computed tomography (CT) imaging and x-ray diffraction (XRD) systems. In order to better understand the use of these detectors in the CT and XRD application spaces, we have experimentally investigated the detector performance of two newly-released photon counting detectors: the Redlen LDA detector and the Kromek D-Matrix v2 detector. Detector performance involves a complicated interplay of semiconductor physics and readout electronics, and the outcome can depend crucially on the properties of the incoming X-rays—specifically the flux and spectral content. Although the LDA and D-Matrix v2 detectors differ in many ways, particularly in the manner in which they collect spectroscopic information, both are of interest for CT and XRD modalities. We report on our analysis of the detector performance, including the noise statistics, detector quantum efficiency, response linearity, and energy resolution of the detectors as well as discuss how our findings influence the use of these detectors in diffraction and transmission measurements.
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