A technology of absolute distance measurement based on the multi-wavelength self-mixing interferometry of a threewavelength optical fiber laser is presented and experimented. The optical fiber laser which can emit three wavelengths simultaneously is composed of a single fiber ring and three fiber branches. Each fiber branch includes a length of erbium-doped fiber and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The erbium-doped fiber is used as the gain medium while the FBG is used as a laser cavity reflective mirror and wavelength selector. Three independent laser cavities have been constructed in the single laser. As there is no laser mode competition, three wavelengths with stable power can be emitted simultaneously and the frequency stability of each wavelength can reach 10-6 . Absolute distance measurement can be performed using multiple self-mixing interferometry of the three wavelengths. Based on the idea that the calculated decimal phase of the self-mixing interferometric signal of each wavelength should equal the measured decimal phase of the self-mixing interferometric signal of the same wavelength, absolute distance measurement can be realized. The nominal length of a gauge block has been used to prove the correctness of the measurement results by experiments. The standard deviation of ten times repeated measurements for a distance of 7 mm is 4.4 nm.
Two kinds of tunable double-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring lasers were developed and their application to step height measurement using two-wavelength self-mixing interferometry (SMI) was demonstrated. The fiber lasers can emit two different wavelengths without any laser mode competition. Each wavelength has its own gain medium which is a length of erbium-doped fiber. Fiber Bragg gratings are used to determine the value of the emitted wavelengths. Large step heights can be measured using multiple self-mixing interference of the two wavelengths. The maximum height that can be measured is half synthetic wavelength of the two wavelengths. A step height of 2mm constructed with two gauge blocks has been measured. The standard deviation of measurement results is 2.5nm.
In this paper, an optical fiber multiplexing interferometric system including a Fizeau interferometer and a Michelson interferometer is designed for remote and high precision step height measurement. The Fizeau interferometer which is inserted in the remote sensing field is used for sensing the measurand, while the Michelson interferometer which is stabilized by a feedback loop works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry to demodulate the measurand. The range of the step height is determined by the low coherence interferometry and the value of it is measured precisely by the high coherence interferometry. High precision has been obtained by using the symmetrical peak-searching method to address the peak of the low coherence interferogram precisely and stabilizing the Michelson interferometer with a feedback loop. The maximum step height that could be measured is 6 mm while the measurement resolution is less than 1 nm. The standard deviation of 10 times measurement results of a step height of 1 mm configurated with two gauge blocks is 0.5 nm.
The paper researches on a high precision displacement measurement system mixing double-wavelength interferometry and single-wavelength interferometry by waveform transforming based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technology. The signal of double-wavelength interferometry is used for determining the amplitude of the measurand which makes the measurement range be as large as half a synthetic-wavelength, while that of single-wavelength interferometry is for measuring the value of the measurand precisely which endows the measurement resolution to be as high as less than 1nm, for the amount of the interference fringes of the signal of single-wavelength interferometry during the shifting range of the peak of the signal of double-wavelength interferometry demonstrates the value of the measurand. However, as the signal of double-wavelength interferometry is cosine amplitude modulated, the peak area of it is flatten and the peak position is difficult to be determined, which will influence the measurement precision directly. In order to address the peak position of the double-wavelength interferometric signal accurately, we transform using FFT technology the cosine amplitude modulated signal of double-wavelength interferometry into a triangle-wave amplitude modulated signal to make the peak position prominent. It is very easy to determine the peak position accurately and the amount of the interference fringes of the signal of single-wavelength interferometry during the shifting range of the peak will also be determined precisely. High precision displacement measurement with large range and high resolution could be realized.
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