Thin Film Filters (TFFs) are minimum phase filters, and the Hilbert Transform law is related to the relationship between a TFF's amplitude and phase response. It should be possible to obtain the phase response from the amplitude response by this law, but the Cauchy Integral is too complex to calculate the phase response directly. In this paper, a method to reconstruct the phase response from the amplitude response was proposed, and then the group velocity delay and the chromatic dispersion of a TFF could also be obtained just by simple calculations. An experimental setup based on the RF modulation was designed. The test results were in good agreement with the theoretical value within passband, as determined by contrast analysis, and the validity of the method was proven. In addition, the dispersion characteristic of TFFs was also analyzed.
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) 2×2 thermo-optic switches, based on parabolically taped MMI couplers, have been designed in this paper. The theory of the parabolically tapered MMI coupler is studied to estimate the optimal length, and then the effective index method (EIM) and the beam propagation method (BMP) are utilized to simulate these devices to find out the optimal length. The values of waveguide parameters are set as: the refractive index difference is chosen to be 0.75%, the width of the MMI field is 30 micron, the distance between the MZI arms is 100 micron and the separation between the access (input/output) waveguides is 250 micron. The simulated results show that the performances of the tapered coupler is better, whose the second width is equal to 25 micron. MMI coupler is also simulated by BPM. Although the tapered coupler can not offer performances as well as those of other MMI coupler, it can offer compact devices. The switches, based on conventional MMI couplers and tapered couplers, are simulated at the same of access waveguide separation and MMI width. Simulated results show that although the performances of this new structure are not as good as those of the switches based on conventional MMI couplers, but can reduce the length of the device effectively. This compact characteristic is important for integrated planar optical circuit.
A novel structure of EDFA employing an FBG and an FRM is presented in the paper. Experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical model. And the result shows that the novel structure has strong points than conventional structure in PMD,PDG and pump efficiency.
Apodization is the key technique to improve the performance of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (CFBG). In this paper, the theoretical analysis on apodization by dithering method is presented. For comparison, CFBGs are manufactured respectively in dithering and scanning method, while employing the same apodization function. The result shows the former is more competent for its outstanding characteristics such as symmetrical reflection spectrum, low group delay ripple, and flexibility.
KEYWORDS: Polarization, Optical fibers, Signal detection, Modulation, Sensors, Humidity, Signal processing, Lutetium, Telecommunications, Analytical research
The theoretical model of DOP degraded by PMD is presented, with which one can analyze and maximize DOP directly from two factors, the magnitude and the direction of the PMD vector. According to this, one method to counteract PMD of the link is adjusting the compensating vector’s magnitude to achieve a zero-magnitude total PMD vector in the system, another is changing the vector’s direction adaptively to make the input signal align with the total PMD vector. Further, the NRZ signal DOP property degraded by PMD and the system’s BER against the change of PMD are obtained in the first experiment, also, the PMD compensation performance-degradation as the scrambling rate is increased is studied in the second experiment, in which it is concluded that the scrambling rate of polarization state has an important impact on a reliable, repeatable PMD compensation in a reasonably short time.
For its low cost and high quality properties, wavelength division multiplexer based on arrayed waveguide grating is used widely in optical communication components and systems. For the purpose to reduce the cost and improve the quality of communication systems, wavelength division multiplexer with wide and low crosstalk is necessary. In this paper, a new wavelength division multiplexer with wide pass-band and lower crosstalk is designed, where special tapered couplers with split structures are used as input waveguides, and experiment results shows that the transmission with wide pass-band and lower crosstalk could be obtained.
Strong pump absorption in Er/Yb codoped fiber grating lasers was found to cause large optical frequency fluctuation besides lasing wavelength shift. The temperature rise due to the pump induced heating within the Er/Yb fiber cavity was theoretically investigated, which caused the lasing wavelength shift with the increase of 980 nm pump power. An experimental setup was also built to estimate the optical frequency fluctuation under a fixed pump power. The observed 1.7 GHz optical frequency fluctuation was reduced to less than 90 MHz through proper thermal dissipation.
An optoelectronic switching network with 2-D optical fiber bundle arrays I/O access device is presented in this paper. An optoelectronic recirculating Banyan network based on CMOS/SEED smart pixel device is used in this configuration. Thirty-two X two single-mode fiber bundle array and 32 X 2 multi- mode fiber bundle array are fabricated respectively based on the features of high density, high precision and array permutation of the CMOS/SEED optoelectronic integrated devices. The measuring results show that the center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125 micrometer, and the spacing between adjacent layers is 500 micrometer. Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 2 micrometer and the angular tilt error is less than 0.02 degree.
This paper describes the optical fiber sensor based on modulated fiber grating model filter according to the principles of gas molecule's absorption spectra. This sensor system is important in real-time monitoring of the fault gases dissolved in transformer oil to ensure that transformer runs safely. Firstly this paper theoretically analyzes the optical quality of each component, including the wide band LED source, the modulated reflection fiber grating and gas molecules' absorption line, then gives their mathematical models. Some parameters in relation to these models are presented. In order to find out how the intensity of modulated light signal changes after the light passes the gas cell, a set of equations are given according to these models. These equations show that the variation of harmonic light intensity is determined by some factors such as modulation range and the wavelength difference between bias level of modulated fiber grating and peak of absorption line. A measurement system is built up, then detecting sensitivity is analyzed. Effects of temperature and noises are also analyzed. Some methods are presented to decrease their influences.
We report here the experimental results of pump-induced thermal effect in Er/Yb fibers. A 10-mm long fiber Bragg grating, written directly in a highly photosensitive B/Ge/Si annulus of a 12-mm long Er/Yb-P/Al/Si fiber, was employed for determining the temperature rise caused by nonradiative transitions in the Er/Yb fiber by measuring its Bragg wavelength shift. A temperature rise of 0.85 degree(s)C per mW of pump power was measured for the Er/Yb fiber. A fiber laser constructed with a FBG written directly in one end of the fiber and a mirror butt joined to the other end was investigated for the pump-induced thermal effect. Its lasing wavelength was shifted by 0.25 nm when the pump power was varying from 4 mW to 56 mW.
Modulation characteristics of interferometric noise in fiber optic gas sensors base don wavelength modulation of DFB laser have been studied. Sensor resolution limited by the interferometric noise is calculated and anti-measures are proposed.
In the paper, an applying system based on the technique of modulated optical fiber grating model filter is presented. It adopts WDM/TDM method to realize multiple mixture gases monitoring in transformer oil due to fault. A selective- absorption detection, which is based on absorption spectrum of gas molecules in the near IR, is used in our system. For monitoring trace fault-gas, an advanced over-width sine-wave wavelength modulation technique is invented, because of its benefit of stability and applicability. We also point out how to apply a reflection fiber grating optical filter to the harmonic detection. Through using those techniques, light source made up of imperfect components attains quality and level required by the ppm gas monitory. As the result of theory and experiment, the principles of choosing LD/LED and modulating PZT are given too.
We discuss the unique characteristics of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) and report several possible schemes for multiplexing of IFOGs. Comparison of different schemes in terms of component number, power budget, possible crosstalk sources will be presented.
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