We demonstrated a novel depth sensing system that utilizes metasurfaces and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), realizing structured light generation and facial recognition in monocular depth sensing. Our single-shot system projects approximately 10,000 infrared spots from a 300^2 μm^2 metasurface area, which is 233 times smaller than the commercial DOE-based dot projector used in the Face ID on iPhone. The system is lens-free and power consumption due to the utilization of PCSEL, reducing 5-10 times of power compared to VCSEL-array based dot projectors.
Visible light communication (VLC), which utilizes LEDs, promises superior privacy and security and reduced impact on surrounding electronics compared to traditional Wi-Fi. This paper explores the potential of InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) in high-speed VLC applications, focusing on yellow-green micro-LEDs with nanoporous distributed Bragg reflector (NP-DBR) and red InGaN micro-LEDs. Yellow-green micro-LEDs achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.7%, bandwidth of 442 MHz, and data rate of 800 Mbit/s, while red micro-LEDs demonstrated an EQE of 5.95%, maximum bandwidth of 424 MHz, and data rate of 800 Mbit/s. The application of four core technologies, including circular devices and electrodes, reduced contact electrode area, atomic layer deposition (ALD) for passivation protection, and multi-chip parallel arrays, enhanced optoelectronic characteristics. This paper also highlights the superior performance of InGaN-based red micro-LEDs with a single quantum well (SQW) structure over double quantum wells (DQWs) for VLC applications. The SQW structure yielded higher maximum EQE, modulation bandwidth, and faster transmission rates, paving the way for the potential of full-color micro-display and high-speed VLC applications.
We present a novel depth sensing system applying metasurface holograms and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). Our lens-free, single-shot system projects 9,500 infrared dots in a 0th order of holographic image from a compact ~3002 μm2 sample area, offering a wide 56.7° field-of-view (FOV) with low power consumption. Our metasurface area is 55 times smaller than that of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in commercial dot projectors. And our PCSEL has up to 10 times less power consumption than that of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array in commercial dot projectors. The GaAs-based metasurface hologram and simple optical architecture make it lighter and more energy-efficient, suitable for wearable devices. This technology overcomes limitations of bulky dot projectors, paving the way for integration into compact wearable devices.
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