We verify a simple alternative method to estimate the Fried parameter over a horizontal propagation path using the refractive index measured by a pair of micro-thermometers. The results show a relatively reliable estimate, especially when the optical turbulence in the path is relatively strong. Moreover, we also discuss the relationship between the Fried parameter value with the overall intensity of optical turbulence and the length of the propagation path theoretically. The influence of these two factors shows a prominent exponential characteristic, which also can be speculated from the formula.
A comprehensive site testing campaign was carried on in the northwestern area of China from July to November 2022. We conduct the study focusing on the daytime optical turbulence and precipitable water vapor long-term variation in this area, which are essential for time-domain astronomy and site scheduling. A relatively quiet and dry atmosphere situation that benefits observation can be more easily found in September and October. The so-called ’conversion time’, an excellent condition for observation at dawn and dusk, behaved differently in different months. Meanwhile, better observation conditions can be found at dawn in July, August and September but at dusk in October and November in the daytime.
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