Discriminative measurement of strain and temperature distribution is experimentally demonstrated by optical time-domain reflectometry of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG-OTDR) in an elliptical core two-mode fiber (e-core TMF). The acoustic waves generated by the amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering of LP01 mode in x-polarization are used to reflect the LP11 mode in x- and y-polarizations. Distribution maps of intermodal birefringence between the LP01 and LP11 modes with two different polarizations are measured to separate strain and temperature induced spectral shift of the BDG in a 95 m ecore TMF with 2.0 m spatial resolution. The strain and temperature sensitivities are measured to be ‒0.082 MHz/με and 6.8 MHz/°C for the pair of LP01y-LP11x modes, and ‒0.095 MHz/με and 3.9 MHz/°C for the pair of LP01 x-LP11x modes, respectively.
Huge enlargement of the sensing range of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA) is achieved by simultaneously applying double modulation and optical time gate on the basis of differential measurement scheme. The BOCDA system with a spatial resolution less than 1 cm and a sensing range over 10 km is experimentally demonstrated, which corresponds to distributed measurement with more than 1 million effective sensing points.
Temperature dependence of birefringence in various types of polarization-maintaining fibers (PMF’s) is rigorously investigated by the spectral analysis of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG). PANDA, Bowtie, and PM photonic crystal fibers are tested in the temperature range of -30 to 150 ºC, where nonlinear temperature dependence is quantified for each fiber to an accuracy of ±7.6 × 10-8. It is observed that the amount of deviation from the linearity varies according to the structural parameters of the PMF’s and the existence of acrylate jacket. Experimental confirmation of the validity of the BDG-based birefringence measurement is also presented in comparison to the periodic lateral force method.
Optical time-domain measurement and characterization of intermodal beat length in an elliptic-core two-mode fiber (ecore TMF) is demonstrated using Brillouin dynamic grating. A mode-selective coupler is used for selective launch and retrieval of different modes, and the operations of BDG for four different pairs of pump-probe (LP01 x-LP11 x, LP01x-LP11y, LP01y-LP11x, LP01y-LP11 y) are observed, representing a fine structure of modal birefringence in the e-core TMF. Distributed measurement of the BDG spectrum is performed for each pair of pump-probe with 1.5 m spatial resolution mapping the difference of the effective refractive indexes of spatial and polarization modes along a 75 m TMF.
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