Linear super-resolution microscopy via synthesis aperture approach permits fast acquisition owing to its wide-field implementations. However, it has been limited in resolution because a spatial-frequency band missing occurs when trying to use a shift magnitude surpassing the cutoff frequency of the detection system beyond a factor of two, which distorts the image severely. Here, we propose a method of chip-based 3D nanoscopy through a tunable spatial-frequency-shift effect capable of covering the full extent of the spatial-frequency component within a wide passband. The missing of the spatial spectrum can be effectively solved by developing a spatial-frequency-shift active tuning approach through wave vector manipulation and operation of optical modes propagating along multiple azimuthal directions on a waveguide chip. Besides, the method includes a chip-based sectioning capability, which is enabled by the saturated absorption of fluorophores.
The main challenge in multimode fiber imaging is modal scrambling caused by environmental fluctuation. How to get high contrast and high stable imaging is the main question. In this presentation, we propose some methods to increase the contrast-to-noise ratio and stability of multimode fiber imaging. Wavelength modulation is introduced to suppress the background. Exhaustive bending effect was used to improve the imaging stability. Wavelength modulation is introduced to enhance the CNR four fold in a 200 μm field-of-view imaging. We show a near diffraction limited focusing capability at imaging depths of up to 150 µm with near constant lateral resolutions of 2.1 µm. The imaging of small fluorescent beads embedded in a 3D matrix was demonstrated.
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