In the present work the X-ray optical anisotropy of 5CB type liquid crystals has been investigated based on the method
of X-ray interferometry. In this way Moire fringes have been obtained both in the absence and presence of specimens
with different orientations of optical axes. The relative displacement of Moire fringes enabled us to observe and
immediately ascertain the presence of X-ray optical anisotropy, to measure the values of refractive indices no and ne for
this specimen (no is the refractive index for radiation with polarization normal to the principal plain, ne is that for
radiation with polarization in the principal plain parallel to the optical axis). X-ray optical anisotropy of 5CB type liquid
crystal was observed using the proposed method and values of refractive indices no and ne for this specimen were
measured. It was found out that 5CB type nematic liquid crystal was X-ray anisotropic optically positive medium.
The development of nanotechnology gives new possibilities for fabrication of different x-ray optical elements. We
present results of focusing properties the compound silicon linear Zone Plate (ZP) for first and second orders. The
compound silicon linear ZP is fabricated by an electron beam lithography and lift-off technology. ZPs structures have
been etched by ion-plasma up to 6μm deep. A linear ZP of the first and second orders fabricated for x-ray radiation
10kev energy, the focal distance is 57sm. The entire aperture is 357.64μm, the width of the outermost zones of the first
and second orders are 595nm, and the number of the first and second order zones are: N(1) + N(2) = 251.The experiment
was performed at the beam line BL29XU Spring-8 of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The experimentally and
theoretically investigations were done for x-ray energy at the 10keV and 12.4keV (0.1nm wavelength). The radial
distribution of intensity is determined as a convolution of the zone plate transmission function and the Kirchhoff
propagator in par-axial approximation. The algorithm is based on the FFT procedure and studied by means of computer
programming simulation.
The effect of ultrasound artificial anisotropy of crystals in X-ray frequency range was observed and an effort to
theoretically interpret this effect in Bragg-Laue diffraction case was made. It was established that an isotropic crystal
optically turns into an artificially anisotropic one with optical axis along the direction of applied external influence as a
symmetry axis, giving rise to the double refraction. Investigations of this kind are important because the results can be
applied such as the artificial anisotropy effects in optics (in analogy Kerr effect in optics).
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