In the context of standardized 400ZR, we study the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) as a measure for quantifying the impact of pluggables in flexible-grid dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks. Using Monte- Carlo simulations, the ACPR is calculated under standardized roll-off factors for a dual-polarization 16QAM channel at 59.8GBaud. The ACPR is shown to adequately represent the impact of linear cross-talk as a function of channel spacing and channel power. From 75GHz (DWDM) to 59GHz (Super-Nyquist) optical transmission, we report a universal approach for specifying the penalties of flexible-grid pluggables on a channel’s required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and timing recovery.
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