Dr. Stephen T. Kozacik Profile

Dr. Stephen T. Kozacik

Engineer at EM Photonics Inc

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Author

Publications (28)

Proceedings Article | 15 June 2023 Presentation

Using image enhancement to improve automated analytics

Aaron Paolini, Stephen Kozacik, Ariel Sherman, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 12521, 125210R (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666063

KEYWORDS: Image enhancement, Analytics, Video, Machine learning, Image quality, Image classification

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2023 Presentation

Image-based wind measurement

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, James Bonnett, Eric Kelmelis, Ariel Sherman

Proceedings Volume PC12528, PC1252805 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666066

KEYWORDS: Wind measurement, Video processing, Video, Photonics, Image processing, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 6 June 2017 Presentation

Enhancing data from commercial space flights (Conference Presentation)

Ariel Sherman, Aaron Paolini, Stephen Kozacik, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10204, 1020407 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263775

KEYWORDS: Video, Rockets, Cameras, Atmospheric turbulence, Photonics, Current controlled current source

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Photo-acoustic and video-acoustic methods for sensing distant sound sources

Dan Slater, Stephen Kozacik, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10204, 1020408 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263889

KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Video, Remote sensing, Video processing, Sensors, Cameras, Photodiodes, Modulation, Video acceleration

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Long range telescopic video imagery of distant terrestrial scenes, aircraft, rockets and other aerospace vehicles can be a powerful observational tool. But what about the associated acoustic activity? A new technology, Remote Acoustic Sensing (RAS), may provide a method to remotely listen to the acoustic activity near these distant objects. Local acoustic activity sometimes weakly modulates the ambient illumination in a way that can be remotely sensed. RAS is a new type of microphone that separates an acoustic transducer into two spatially separated components: 1) a naturally formed in situ acousto-optic modulator (AOM) located within the distant scene and 2) a remote sensing readout device that recovers the distant audio. These two elements are passively coupled over long distances at the speed of light by naturally occurring ambient light energy or other electromagnetic fields. Stereophonic, multichannel and acoustic beam forming are all possible using RAS techniques and when combined with high-definition video imagery it can help to provide a more cinema like immersive viewing experience. A practical implementation of a remote acousto-optic readout device can be a challenging engineering problem. The acoustic influence on the optical signal is generally weak and often with a strong bias term. The optical signal is further degraded by atmospheric seeing turbulence. In this paper, we consider two fundamentally different optical readout approaches: 1) a low pixel count photodiode based RAS photoreceiver and 2) audio extraction directly from a video stream. Most of our RAS experiments to date have used the first method for reasons of performance and simplicity. But there are potential advantages to extracting audio directly from a video stream. These advantages include the straight forward ability to work with multiple AOMs (useful for acoustic beam forming), simpler optical configurations, and a potential ability to use certain preexisting video recordings. However, doing so requires overcoming significant limitations typically including much lower sample rates, reduced sensitivity and dynamic range, more expensive video hardware, and the need for sophisticated video processing. The ATCOM real time image processing software environment provides many of the needed capabilities for researching video-acoustic signal extraction. ATCOM currently is a powerful tool for the visual enhancement of atmospheric turbulence distorted telescopic views. In order to explore the potential of acoustic signal recovery from video imagery we modified ATCOM to extract audio waveforms from the same telescopic video sources. In this paper, we demonstrate and compare both readout techniques for several aerospace test scenarios to better show where each has advantages.

Proceedings Article | 7 May 2017 Paper

Development of an embedded atmospheric turbulence mitigation engine

Aaron Paolini, James Bonnett, Stephen Kozacik, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10204, 102040C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263204

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Image enhancement, Video, Video acceleration, Turbulence, Video processing, Cameras, Atmospheric turbulence, Field programmable gate arrays, Astronomy, Surveillance, Software development, Atmospheric corrections, Embedded systems, System on a chip, Graphics processing units

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2017 Paper

Enhancement of DARPA SRVS data with a real-time commercial turbulence mitigation software

Ariel Sherman, Richard Espinola, Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10204, 102040E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263832

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Image processing, Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Range imaging, Atmospheric optics, Scintillation, Optical resolution, Sensors, Image quality, Image sensors, Modulation, Data processing, Image resolution, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2017 Paper

Improving developer productivity with C++ embedded domain specific languages

Stephen Kozacik, Evenie Chao, Aaron Paolini, James Bonnett, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10206, 102060R (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264800

KEYWORDS: Software, C++, Linear algebra, Image processing, Analytics, Video processing, Computer programming, Computer programming languages

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2017 Paper

Quantifying the improvement of turbulence mitigation technology

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, Ariel Sherman, James Bonnett, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 10204, 102040A (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263778

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Visualization, Information visualization, Detection and tracking algorithms, Atmospheric turbulence, Scintillation, Video, Target recognition, Modulation transfer functions, Human subjects, Image processing, Spatial frequencies, Modulation, Image quality, Speckle, Imaging systems

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 March 2017

Comparison of turbulence mitigation algorithms

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, Ariel Sherman, James Bonnett, Eric Kelmelis

OE, Vol. 56, Issue 07, 071507, (March 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.56.7.071507

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Turbulence, Speckle, Laser range finders, Deconvolution, Image quality, Reconstruction algorithms, Image fusion, Cameras, Imaging systems

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 March 2017

Practical considerations for real-time turbulence mitigation in long-range imagery

Eric Kelmelis, Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini

OE, Vol. 56, Issue 07, 071506, (March 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.56.7.071506

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Image processing, Video, Cameras, Image enhancement, Video processing, Atmospheric turbulence, Optical engineering, Video acceleration, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 2 June 2016 Paper

Comparison of turbulence mitigation algorithms

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, James Bonnett, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 9846, 98460B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225617

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Image processing, Cameras, Photonics, Image fusion, Reconstruction algorithms, Speckle, Deconvolution, Imaging systems, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2016 Paper

Enabling power-aware software in embedded systems

James Bonnett, Paul Fox, Aaron Paolini, Adam Markey, Stephen Kozacik, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 9848, 984806 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228551

KEYWORDS: Control systems, Embedded systems, Mobile devices, Software development, Control systems, Signal processing, Clocks, Prototyping, Digital signal processing, Interfaces, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2016 Paper

Many-core graph analytics using accelerated sparse linear algebra routines

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, Paul Fox, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 9848, 984808 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228554

KEYWORDS: Analytics, Linear algebra, Computer programming, Algorithm development, Performance modeling, Defense and security, Photonics, Systems modeling, Matrices, C++

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2015 Paper

Real-time image processing for passive mmW imagery

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, James Bonnett, Charles Harrity, Daniel Mackrides, Thomas Dillon, Richard Martin, Christopher Schuetz, Eric Kelmelis, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 9462, 94620L (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177395

KEYWORDS: Extremely high frequency, Signal to noise ratio, Imaging systems, Visible radiation, Photonics, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Image resolution, Infrared imaging, Image processing, Video acceleration

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2015 Paper

Real-time technology for enhancing long-range imagery

Aaron Paolini, Eric Kelmelis, Stephen Kozacik, James Bonnett, Paul Fox

Proceedings Volume 9460, 94600C (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177575

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Video, Image enhancement, Video acceleration, Video processing, Intelligence systems, Turbulence, Cameras, Atmospheric turbulence, Distortion

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2015 Paper

Automatic parameter estimation for atmospheric turbulence mitigation techniques

Stephen Kozacik, Aaron Paolini, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 9452, 94520C (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177358

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Image processing, Cameras, Analytical research, Speckle, Photonics, Systems modeling, Video, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2014 Paper

Optimization techniques for OpenCL-based linear algebra routines

Stephen Kozacik, Paul Fox, John Humphrey, Aryeh Kuller, Eric Kelmelis, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 9095, 90950D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050673

KEYWORDS: Linear algebra, Field programmable gate arrays, Matrix multiplication, Matrices, Standards development, Algorithm development, Optimization (mathematics), Graphics processing units, Computer programming, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2014 Paper

Targeting multiple heterogeneous hardware platforms with OpenCL

Paul Fox, Stephen Kozacik, John Humphrey, Aaron Paolini, Aryeh Kuller, Eric Kelmelis

Proceedings Volume 9095, 90950E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050643

KEYWORDS: Control systems, Computer programming, Switching, Parallel computing, Manufacturing, Standards development, Wavefronts, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Photonics

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The OpenCL API allows for the abstract expression of parallel, heterogeneous computing, but hardware implementations have substantial implementation differences. The abstractions provided by the OpenCL API are often insufficiently high-level to conceal differences in hardware architecture. Additionally, implementations often do not take advantage of potential performance gains from certain features due to hardware limitations and other factors. These factors make it challenging to produce code that is portable in practice, resulting in much OpenCL code being duplicated for each hardware platform being targeted. This duplication of effort offsets the principal advantage of OpenCL: portability. The use of certain coding practices can mitigate this problem, allowing a common code base to be adapted to perform well across a wide range of hardware platforms. To this end, we explore some general practices for producing performant code that are effective across platforms. Additionally, we explore some ways of modularizing code to enable optional optimizations that take advantage of hardware-specific characteristics. The minimum requirement for portability implies avoiding the use of OpenCL features that are optional, not widely implemented, poorly implemented, or missing in major implementations. Exposing multiple levels of parallelism allows hardware to take advantage of the types of parallelism it supports, from the task level down to explicit vector operations. Static optimizations and branch elimination in device code help the platform compiler to effectively optimize programs. Modularization of some code is important to allow operations to be chosen for performance on target hardware. Optional subroutines exploiting explicit memory locality allow for different memory hierarchies to be exploited for maximum performance. The C preprocessor and JIT compilation using the OpenCL runtime can be used to enable some of these techniques, as well as to factor in hardware-specific optimizations as necessary.

Proceedings Article | 7 March 2014 Paper

All-Polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications

David L. Eng, Stephen Kozacik, Shouyuan Shi, Benjamin Olbricht, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8983, 898316 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038201

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Waveguides, Electrodes, Cladding, Electro optics, Polymers, Modulation, Phase shift keying, Standards development, Optical lithography

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2014 Paper

Dual slot modulator for millimeter wave photonics

Matthew Konkol, Stephen Kozacik, David L. Eng, Brock Overmiller, Mathew Zablocki, Benjamin Olbricht, Janusz Murakowski, Shouyuan Shi, Ahmed Sharkawy, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8983, 898317 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038208

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Modulators, Modulation, Waveguides, Electro optics, Electrodes, Dielectrics, Extremely high frequency, Photonics, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2014 Paper

Planar chalcogenide glass mid-infrared photonics

Hongtao Lin, Lan Li, Yi Zou, Fei Deng, Chaoying Ni, Sylvain Danto, J. David Musgraves, Kathleen Richardson, Stephen Kozacik, Maciej Murakowski, Dennis Prather, Juejun Hu

Proceedings Volume 8974, 89740D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035688

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Waveguides, Chalcogenide glass, Resonators, Transparency, Photonics, Photonic crystals, Mirrors, Integrated optics, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2013 Paper

Progress towards dual vertical slot modulator for millimeter wave photonics

Stephen Kozacik, Maciej Murakowski, Matthew Konkol, Suman Addya, David L. Eng, Benjamin Olbricht, Mathew Zablocki, Ahmed Sharkawy, Janusz Murakowski, Shouyuan Shi, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8624, 86240Y (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004978

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Waveguides, Modulators, Etching, Electron beam lithography, Photomasks, Optical alignment, Lithography, Photonics, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2013 Paper

All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications

David L. Eng, Stephen Kozacik, Benjamin Olbricht, Shouyuan Shi, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8622, 86220T (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004778

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Electrodes, Waveguides, Modulation, Cladding, Optical lithography, Phase shifts, Molecules, Polymers, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2013 Paper

Processing of organic electro-optic materials: solution-phase assisted reorientation of chromophores

Benjamin Olbricht, David L. Eng, Stephen Kozacik, Dylan Ross, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8622, 86220U (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2005394

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electrodes, Polymers, Electro optics, Molecules, Reflection, Neodymium, Waveguides, Chemical elements, Surface plasmons

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SPIE Journal Paper | 15 May 2012

Display of polarization information for passive millimeter-wave imagery

John Wilson, David Eng, Stephen Kozacik, Dennis Prather, Christopher Schuetz, Thomas Dillon

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 9, 091607, (May 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.9.091607

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Extremely high frequency, Image fusion, Sensors, Metals, Imaging systems, Millimeter wave sensors, Visible radiation, Image sensors, Optical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2012 Paper

Broadband low-drive voltage polymer electro-optic modulator

David Eng, Stephen Kozacik, Benjamin Olbricht, Shouyuan Shi, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8259, 82590C (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909209

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Modulation, Modulators, Electrodes, Polymers, Cladding, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Optical modulators, Chromophores

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2012 Paper

Dual vertical slot modulator for millimeter wave photonics

Stephen Kozacik, David L. Eng, Mathew Zablocki, Michael Roman, Ahmed Sharkawy, Janusz Murakowski, Benjamin Olbricht, Shouyuan Shi, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8259, 82590D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.914425

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Electro optics, Modulation, Silicon, Electron beam lithography, Modulators, Extremely high frequency, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2012 Paper

Solution phase-assisted reorientation of chromophores

Benjamin Olbricht, Stephen Kozacik, David Eng, Michael Roman, Dennis Prather

Proceedings Volume 8258, 82580T (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909371

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Waveguides, Polymers, Thin films, Reflection, Thin film devices, Image processing, Molecules, Electrodes

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Showing 5 of 28 publications

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