Charging-induced pattern positioning errors (CIPPEs) from a 50-kV variable-shape e-beam writer on an opaque-MoSi-over-glass mask has been carefully characterized by directly measuring the pattern shifts using a high-accuracy mask registration tool. In addition, the reported behaviors associated with the CIPPEs, exponentially decaying in space and sign flipping with increasing pattern density (PD), another seldom-mentioned error component, behaving like a constant offset in space and becoming stronger with increasing PD, is found. The authors repeat the experiment with a charge dissipation layer coated atop the resist to experimentally explore the origins of these two phenomena and find that the exponential components, removable by the charge dissipating layer (CDL), result from the well-known resist charging effect but the constant offset, remain existing with the CDL, does not. From the result of Monte Carlo simulations, the constant component is speculated to result from blank charging. This finding can give important insights into the model-based charging effect correction as well as the effectiveness of the CDL.
In this paper, a quantitative method to analyze the effective range of fogging effect from massive data is presented. According to the calculated effective range, we use two approaches to correct the pattern-dependent CD error that come from e-beam writing. One is the fogging effect correction(FEC), which uses a Gaussian distributed model to describe FE. Second, we implement dosage modulation based on the assumption that the error caused by FE is linearly proportional to the pattern density of a mask. In summary, we are able to successfully predict the map of CD error for various layouts, and correct the error caused by FE in mask-making.
The authors present a detailed observation of the charge-induced pattern positioning errors (CIPPEs) in a variableshape
e-beam writer on an opaque-MoSi-over-glass (OMOG) mask by directly measuring the pattern shifts using a mask
registration tool. The CIPPEs are found to have one short-range, that is exponentially decaying in space, and the other
constant offset components. The exponential term that decays slowly in time, whereas the constant offset fast diminishes.
By applying a charge dissipation layer (CDL), the authors experimentally verify that the exponential component results
from the charges in resist. On the other hands, the constant offset that can not be eliminated by the CDL is speculated to
be charges in the substrate according to the Monte Carlo simulation.
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