The method of sensitive detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation using integration of Cesium-Lead-Bromide perovskitebased nanocolloids with silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) was investigated. The perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the sonication method with a conventional ultrasonic cleaning bath. The synthesis resulted in perovskite NPs in the form supercrystals of 200-nm diameter. The NPs being pumped with a 372-nm UV laser produced visible photoluminescence (PL) with a spectral peak at 514 nm. Integration of the perovskite nanocolloid with a silicon APD resulted in the increase of APD’s sensitivity to UV by ~7.6 dB. Degradation of the response of the perovskite-APD system to pulsed UV radiation at high frequencies was thus mainly due to the time delay in the APD (100-kHz cut-off frequency) rather than relaxation of the PL. Composition, crystalline structure, and UV-excited PL of two oxysulfide phosphors doped with Terbium (Y2O2S:Tb and Gd2O2S:Tb) were investigated with the view of their potential use in combination with silicon APDs for sensitive detection of x-ray radiation. Both phosphors contained oxide impurities Y2O3 and Gd2O3, respectively, partially reducing their x-ray scintillation capability. The obtained results might be useful for the applications in the field of sensitive detection of short wavelength (UV and x-ray) radiation.
Existing UV sensors often use vacuum photo-multiplying tubes (PMTs). Solid state photodetectors are either blind to UV (use silicon) or have low sensitivity (use wide bandgap semiconductors). We report on our efforts to develop polymer nanocomposites made of the nanoparticles (NPs) of perovskites CsPbX3 (X stands for Cl, Br, and I) and lanthanide doped compounds that captured UV photons and efficiently converted their energy into visible and near-infrared (NIR) photons. The wavelength of these low-energy photons matches the spectral response of silicon avalanche photo diodes (APDs) with an electronic gain of < 106. For instance, NPs of perovskite CsPbBr3 with a diameter of 16 nm produced strong visible radiation at 512 nm being excited with a 372-nm UV laser while the NPs of La2O3: Eu3+ demonstrated strong photoluminescence in red region (between 600 and 650 nm) with a quantum yield of 60%. The nanocomposites were integrated with silicon APDs. The proposed combination worked as a UV detection system with two orders of magnitude improved sensitivity. Such a photodetector is particularly useful for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) free space optical communication (FSO) in the solar-blind spectral region 100-280 nm where the background noise from solar UV radiation is eliminated due to absorption by ozone layer in the upper atmosphere.
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