Inelastic electron-light scattering is a powerful tool for investigating optical properties on the nanoscale in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. Combining electron microscopy with integrated photonics, the requirement of pulsed laser and electron sources can be overcome. In this talk, we demonstrate the spatial and spectral characterization of the intracavity field of a photonic chip-based, high-Q silicon nitride microresonator utilizing free electron-light interaction. By combining optical and electron spectroscopies, we moreover probe the emergence of various nonlinear intracavity states. This novel combination of nonlinear integrated photonics and electron microscopy promises new schemes in electron beam manipulation as well as electron-based probing of optical microresonator states.
Here we establish a platform for efficient electron-photon pair generation by integrating a photonic chip-based silicon nitride microresonator into a transmission electron microscope. The free electrons passing the resonator scatter inelastically with the empty optical modes, leading to a quantized electron-energy loss as well as the generation of cavity photons.
The temporal correlation of their detection demonstrates the generation of electron-photon pairs. Selection of these pairs allows further analysis of the generation process, as well as the usage of the platform as a high-fidelity single-photon or single-electron source. This promises new experimental capabilities in free-electron quantum optics.
Inelastic electron-light scattering between electrons and optical modes renders ultrafast transmission electron microscopes an ideal platform for investigating optical properties on the nanoscale. Building on this technique, we demonstrate the spatial and spectral characterization of the intracavity field of a photonic chip-based, high-Q silicon nitride microresonator by means of free electron light interaction. By combining optical and electron spectroscopies, we probe the emergence of various nonlinear intracavity states, including dissipative Kerr solitons. This novel combination of nonlinear integrated photonics and electron microscopy promises new schemes in electron beam manipulation as well as electron-based probing of optical microresonator states.
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers have revolutionized long-haul optical communications and laser technology. Erbium ions could provide a basis for efficient optical amplification in photonic integrated circuits. We demonstrate a Si3N4 photonic integrated circuit–based erbium amplifier reaching > 100 mW output power and > 30 dB gain – comparable with commercial fiber amplifiers. Moreover, we will show that endowing Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits with Erbium-based optical gain opens the door to the miniaturization of high-performance fiber-based lasers on a chip.
We demonstrate a fully packaged hybrid integrated laser and a soliton microcomb with frequency actuation bandwidth of more than 10 MHz and ultra-low laser frequency noise. The flat frequency response in the range of >1 MHz and the optical laser frequency chirp range of >1 GHz are compatible with high-resolution continuous wave frequency modulated distance ranging and distributed fiber optic sensing without any linearization or pre-distortion. The features of a novel laser system assembled in 14-pin butterfly package are enabled by the ultra-low loss silicon nitride platform and monolithically integrated piezo-electric actuators.
Advancing quantum information and communication requires the control of quantum correlations in complementary degrees of freedom. In this work, we generate electron-photon pair states via inelastic scattering of free electrons at a high-Q photonic-chip-based microresonator. In analogy to spontaneous parametric down-conversion, time- and energy-resolved detection of both particles enables various heralding schemes. We experimentally characterize this new heralded source of single photons and free electrons. Ultimately, these results underpin the recent progress in free-electron quantum optics, promising electron-photon entanglement, tailored photon Fock states, and quantum-enhanced electron imaging.
Strong coupling in the interaction of free electrons with photons will allow for the exploration of various new effects. Here, we demonstrate CW-driven inelastic electron-photon scattering at a fiber-integrated high-Q Si3N4 microresonator, enabled by resonant field enhancement and electron-light phase matching. Employing energy-filtered imaging and laser detuning-dependent measurements, we characterise the electron’s interaction with the whispering gallery mode spatially and spectrally. Finally, we discuss prospects of electron-driven photon generation in the resonator. This combination of electron microscopy and integrated photonics opens up new paths for optical electron beam modulation, electron probing of nonlinear optical effects and free-electron cavity quantum optics.
We demonstrate a hybrid photonic integrated laser that exhibits an intrinsic linewidth of 40 Hz, while offering unsurpassed megahertz actuation bandwidth with the tuning range larger than 1 GHz, attained by a DFB laser self-injection locking to a high-Q Si3N4 microresonator with AlN piezoelectrical actuator, allowing both single-line operation and microcomb generation. We develop a compact FMCW LiDAR engine with triangular chirp optical signals at a rate up to 1 MHz, without requiring any linearisation.
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