In this study, we present the experimental investigations on interference patterns, such as those already reported in VIMOS-IFU, and up to now no appropriate explanation has been presented. These interference patterns are produced in multimode fibres coated with acrylate or polyimide, which is the preferred coating material for the fibres used in IFUs. Our experiments show that, under specific conditions, cladding modes interact with the coating and produce interference. Our results show that the conditions at which the fibre is held during data acquisition has an impact in the output spectrum. Altering the positioning conditions of the fibre leads to the changes into the interference pattern, therefore, fibres should be carefully manipulated in order to minimise this potential problem and improve the performance of these instruments. Finally we present a simple way of predicting and modelling this interference produced from the visible to the near infrared spectra. This model can be included in the data reduction pipeline in order to remove the interference patterns.
These results should be of interest for the optimisation of the data reduction pipelines of instruments using optical fibres. Considering these results will benefit innovations and developments of high performance fibre systems.
Type IA fiber gratings have unusual physical properties compared with other grating types. We compare with
performance characteristics of Type IA and Type I Bragg gratings exposed to the effects of Co60 gamma-irradiation. A
Bragg peak shift of 190 pm was observed for Type IA gratings written in Fibercore PS-1250/1500 photosensitive fiber at
a radiation dose of 116 kGy. This is the largest wavelength shift recorded to date under radiation exposure. The Type IA
and Type I gratings show different kinetics under radiation and during post-radiation annealing; this can be exploited for
the design of a grating based dosimetry system.
We report a linear response optical refractive index (RI) sensor, which is fabricated based on a
micro-channel created within a Fabry Perot (F-P) cavity by chemical etching assisted by femtosecond
laser inscription. The experimental results show the F-P resonance peak has a linear response with the
RI of medium and the measuring sensitivity is proportion to the length of micro-channel. The sensor
with 5 μm -long micro-channel exhibited an RI sensitivity of 1.15nm/RIU and this sensitivity increased
to 9.08nm/RIU when widening the micro-channel to 35μm. Furthermore, such micro-channel FP
sensors show a much broader RI sensing dynamic range (from 1.3 to 1.7) than other reported optical
fiber sensors.
We report the fabrication of a refractive index (RI) sensor based on a liquid core fibre Bragg grating (FBG). A micro-slot
FBG was created in standard telecom optical fibre employing the tightly focused femtosecond laser inscription aided
chemical etching. A micro-slot with dimensions of 5.74(h) × 125(w) × 1388.72(l) μm was engraved across the whole fibre
and along 1mm long FBG which gives advantage of a relatively robust liquid core waveguide. The device performed the
refractive index sensitivity up to about 742.72 nm/RIU.
The properties of etched large angle tilted gratings (81o) are investigated. The attenuation peaks of the modes are
found to shift to shorter wavelengths at a rate of ~5nm/min in a solution of 10% HF acid. The most sensitive
modes are examined for different etching times creating the relationship that longer etching times results in an
increase in overall sensitivity. Comparing the sensitivity of the tilted fibre grating, etched for 6 hours,
506.9nm/unri and the most sensitive LPG, period 164μm, 389.2nm/unri in the RI range 1.30-1.40 shows that the
produced tilted grating is more sensitive than the LPG and in this range would ideally be suited for the used in
Bio-sensing applications.
KEYWORDS: Polarization, Fiber lasers, Fiber Bragg gratings, Laser systems engineering, Sensing systems, Structured optical fibers, Polarizers, Optical filters, Signal attenuation, Signal to noise ratio
Using three fibre gratings with excessively tilted structures in the cavity, we have experimentally demonstrated a
multiwavelength switchable erbium-doped fibre ring laser system. The three tilted gratings act as in-fibre polariser and
polarisation dependent loss filters to induce the polarisation hole burning effect in the cavity for the operation of the laser
at single, double, triple and quadruple wavelengths. The laser system has demonstrated good stability under room
temperature conditions and also achieved a high degree of polarization (~30dB), high optical signal to noise ratio (up to
63dB) and high side mode suppression (~50dB). The system has also been investigated for temperature and strain
sensing by subjecting the seeding fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) to temperature and strain variations. Since the loss band of
the polarisation dependent loss filter is broader than the bandwidth of the seeding FBG, the laser output shifts in
wavelength with the applied temperature and strain. The fibre ring laser has shown good responses to the temperature
and strain, providing sensitivities of approximately 11.7 pm/°C and 0.85pm/με respectively.
We report here the fabrication, charaterisation and refractive index sensing of two microchanneled chirped fiber Bragg
gratings (MCFBGs) with different channel sizes (~550μm and ~1000μm). The chirped grating structures were UV-inscribed
in optical fibre and the microchannels were created in the middle of the CFBGs by femtosecond (fs) laser
assisted chemical etching method. The creation of microchannels in the CFBG structures gives an access to the external
index liquid, thus inducing refractive index (RI) sensitivity to the structure. In comparison with previously reported FBG
based RI sensors, for which the cladding layers usually were removed, the MCFBGs represent a more ideal solution for
robust devices as the microchannel will not degrade the structure strength. The two MCFBGs were spectrally
charaterised for their RI and temperature responses and both gratings exhibited unique thermal and RI sensitivities,
which may be utilised for implementation of bio-chemical sensors with capability to eliminate temperature crosssensitivity.
Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) array sensors have been successfully embedded in aluminium alloy matrix by ultrasonic
consolidation (UC) technique. The temperature and loading responses of the embedded FBG arrays have been
systematically characterised. The embedded grating sensors exhibit an average temperature sensitivity of ~36pm/°C,
which is three times higher than that of normal FBGs, and a loading responsivity of ~0.1nm/kg within the dynamic range
from 0kg to 3kg. This initial experiment clearly demonstrates that FBG array sensors can be embedded in metal matrix
together with other passive and active fibres to fabricate smart materials to monitor the operation and health of
engineering structures.
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