Cortical structures in the central nervous system exhibit an ordered laminar organization. Defined cell layers are significant to our understanding of brain structure and function. In this work, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), which was applied for qualitatively visualizing the structure of cerebral and cerebellar cortex from the fresh, unfixed, and unstained specimen. MPM is able to effectively identify neurons and neurites in cerebral cortex, as well as glial cells, Purkinje cells, and granule cells in cerebellar cortex at subcellular resolution. In addition, the use of automated image processing algorithms can quantify the circularity of neurons and the density distribution of neurites based on the intrinsic nonlinear optical contrast, further providing quantitative characteristics for automatically analyzing the laminar structure of cortical structures. These results suggest that with the development of the feasibility of two-photon fiberscopes and microendoscope probes, the combined MPM and image analysis holds potential to provide supplementary information to augment the diagnostic accuracy of neuropathology and in vivo identification of various neurological illnesses in clinic.
In this work, definitions of mode-field radius and divergence half-angle were analyzed according to different kinds of methods. Then, numerical calculation of these definitions was given for the LP01 mode in symmetrical step-index optical fiber. These conclusions may provide a theoretical groundwork for designing optical fiber devices and further researching the propagation characteristic of optical fiber.
Calcifications within brain tumors may be an indicator of a relatively long survival because a long time is required for the formation of calcium deposits, and may present a novel biomarker associated with response and improved outcome of therapy. In this paper, we describe the use of two-photon excitation fluorescent (TPEF) microscopy combined second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for high-resolution imaging that can be applied in identification of intratumoral calcifications. Our results demonstrate that the calcification has stronger TPEF signal than the area around it and the emission spectra shows the difference between the two areas clearly. The TPEF image of calcified region corresponds well with the corresponding H&E stained image. In this work, we present that the label-free imaging technique is able to distinguish the calcified mass lesions in intracranial neoplasms reliably.
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