Dr. Olav Solgaard Profile

Dr. Olav Solgaard

Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford Univ

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Author

Publications (32)

Proceedings Article | 23 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

AstroPIC: near-infrared photonic integrated circuit coronagraph architecture for the Habitable Worlds Observatory

Dan Sirbu, Ruslan Belikov, Kevin Fogarty, Carson Valdez, Zhanghao Sun, Annie Kroo, Olav Solgaard, David A. Miller, Olivier Guyon

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130921T (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020518

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Photonic integrated circuits, Exoplanets, Stars, Phase shifts, Nulling interferometry, Telescopes, Observatories, Manufacturing, Waveguides

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The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is the leading recommendation of the Astro2020 decadal survey. The HWO flagship, to be launched in the early 2040s, will directly survey 100 of the nearest stellar systems and their habitable zones with the goal of detecting and spectroscopically characterizing 25 potentially “Earth-like planets” (or “Exo-Earths”). Photonic-based technologies can substantially improve technical and science margins by improving coronagraphic efficiency for HWO. We present the architecture of a photonic-integrated circuit (PIC)-based coronagraph (“AstroPIC”), currently being studied as a near-infrared channel coronagraph that can be adopted as part of a suite of coronagraphs that could be deployed on the HWO. The PIC architecture miniaturizes a traditional coronagraph reducing the mass and volume of the coronagraph while providing an avenue to simply enhance the functionality, bandwidth coverage, and exoplanet yield of HWO by adopting a Mach-Zehnder Interferometric (MZI) mesh for photonic nulling. In this architecture we consider two cases: (1) a hybrid AstroPIC using a small number of modes (16-25) can still enhance exoplanet yields through complementary coronagraphic sensitivities to a traditional coronagraph, and (2) a full photonic chip AstroPIC that uses larger number of modes (400+) that can be operated as a stand-alone coronagraph that approaches the optimal coronagraph performance limit. We summarize recent experiments carried out at the Stanford photonic teststand which demonstrate key coronagraphic functionality including: (1) 1e-7 contrast (70 dB nulling) achieved with a simple PIC consisting of a 4-MZI mesh, (2) 8e-9 contrast (81 dB nulling) achieved with 6-MZI elements, and (3) a free-space coupling on chip of a beam demonstrating coronagraphic nulling and coronagraphic throughput of an off-axis source. We discuss the recent AstroPIC Cycle-1 tape-out which will enable additional coronagraphic demonstrations including deeper nulling and scaling to larger numbers of modes initiating a technology development process to mature PIC-based coronagraphy for inclusion into HWO.

SPIE Journal Paper | 23 October 2020 Open Access

High-speed axially swept light sheet microscopy using a linear MEMS phased array for isotropic resolution

Joseph Landry, Stephen Hamann, Olav Solgaard

JBO, Vol. 25, Issue 10, 106504, (October 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.25.10.106504

KEYWORDS: Camera shutters, Cameras, Microscopy, Information operations, Phased arrays, Objectives, Image resolution, Sensors, Confocal microscopy, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2020 Presentation

Inverse design and demonstration of on-chip laser-driven particle accelerators (Conference Presentation)

Neil Sapra, Ki Youl Yang, Dries Vercruysse, Kenneth Leedle, Dylan Black, Robert England, Logan Su, Yu Miao, Olav Solgaard, Robert Byer, Jelena Vuckovic

Proceedings Volume 11283, 1128308 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546237

KEYWORDS: Particle accelerators, Dielectrics, Pulsed laser operation, Waveguides, Femtosecond phenomena, Electrons, Optical design, Physics, Therapeutics, Free space optics

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Presentation

Inverse design and demonstration of on-chip laser driven particle accelerators (Conference Presentation)

Neil Sapra, Ki Youl Yang, Dries Vercruysse, Kenneth Leedle, Dylan Black, Logan Su, Rahul Trivedi, Yu Miao, Olav Solgaard, Robert Byer, Jelena Vuckovic

Proceedings Volume 11105, 111050Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529018

KEYWORDS: Particle accelerators, Dielectrics, Pulsed laser operation, Waveguides, Femtosecond phenomena, Electrons, Optical design, Physics, Therapeutics, Free space optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 April 2019 Open Access

Tunable structured illumination light sheet microscopy for background rejection and imaging depth in minimally processed tissues

Joseph R. Landry, Ryosuke Itoh, Jonathan M. Li, Stephen S. Hamann, Michael Mandella, Christopher H. Contag, Olav Solgaard

JBO, Vol. 24, Issue 04, 046501, (April 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.24.4.046501

KEYWORDS: Spatial frequencies, Microscopy, Tissues, Scattering, Prisms, Light scattering, Microscopes, Image quality, Point spread functions, Spatial light modulators

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Presentation

Analyzing the effects of engineering cardiomyocyte shape: quantitative phase imaging reveals differences in morphology and function (Conference Presentation)

Christine Cordeiro, Aleksandra Denisin, Jenny Vo-Phamhi, Alison Schroer, Elizabeth Pruitt, Oscar Abilez, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 10887, 1088712 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507720

KEYWORDS: Shape analysis, Phase imaging, Biological research, Stem cells, Regenerative medicine, Image analysis, Diffraction, Microscopes, Optical testing, Motion analysis

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Proceedings Article | 15 August 2017 Presentation

Optophysiology of cardiomyocytes: characterization of cell motion with quantitative phase imaging (Conference Presentation)

Christine Cordeiro, Tushar Gupta, Georges Goetz, Yan Zhuge, Olav Solgaard, Daniel Palanker

Proceedings Volume 10074, 1007414 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253255

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Phase imaging, Linear filtering, Diffraction, Heart, Tissues, Stem cells, Motion analysis, Regenerative medicine, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2014 Paper

Monolithic silicon waveguides in bulk silicon wafers

Chia-Ming Chang, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 9010, 90100G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2044159

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Silicon, Oxides, Etching, Semiconducting wafers, Cladding, Silicon photonics, Reflectors, Optical interconnects, Oxidation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 March 2012 Open Access

In vivo near-infrared dual-axis confocal microendoscopy in the human lower gastrointestinal tract

Wibool Piyawattanametha, Hyejun Ra, Kevin Loewke, Michael Mandella, Christopher Contag, Zhen Qiu, Thomas Wang, Shai Friedland, Jonathan Liu, Gordon Kino, Olav Solgaard

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 02, 021102, (March 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.2.021102

KEYWORDS: Confocal microscopy, In vivo imaging, Luminescence, Microelectromechanical systems, Tissues, Mirrors, Endoscopes, Colorectal cancer, Collimation, Scanners

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2010 Open Access

Assessing delivery and quantifying efficacy of small interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics in the skin using a dual-axis confocal microscope

Hyejun Ra, Emilio Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Bryan Smith, Sanjiv Gambhir, Gordon Kino, Olav Solgaard, Roger Kaspar, Christopher Contag

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 03, 036027, (May 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3432627

KEYWORDS: Skin, Microscopes, Green fluorescent protein, In vivo imaging, Confocal microscopy, 3D image processing, Visualization, Mouse models, Molecular imaging, Luminescence

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2010 Open Access

Micromirror-scanned dual-axis confocal microscope utilizing a gradient-index relay lens for image guidance during brain surgery

Jonathan Liu, Michael Mandella, Nathan Loewke, Henry Haeberle, Hyejun Ra, Wibool Piyawattanametha, Olav Solgaard, Gordon Kino, Christopher Contag

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 02, 026029, (March 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3386055

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Relays, Microelectromechanical systems, Mirrors, Confocal microscopy, GRIN lenses, Gradient-index optics, Actuators, Brain, Neuroimaging

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2009 Paper

Optomechanical fiber gyroscope

Onur Kilic, Onur Can Akkaya, Hyejun Ra, Michel Digonnet, Gordon Kino, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 7503, 750345 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.835141

KEYWORDS: Gyroscopes, Signal to noise ratio, Microelectromechanical systems, Signal detection, Sensors, Mirrors, Prototyping, Modulation, Interference (communication), Fabry–Perot interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2008 Paper

Photonic-crystal-diaphragm-based fiber-tip hydrophone optimized for ocean acoustics

Onur Kilic, Michel Digonnet, Gordon Kino, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 7004, 700405 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.785919

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Acoustics, Silicon, Single mode fibers, Head, Mirrors, Prototyping, Reflectors, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2007 Paper

Compact optical design for dual-axes confocal endoscopic microscopes

Michael Mandella, Jonathan Liu, Wibool Piyawattanametha, Hyejun Ra, Pei-Lin Hsiung, Larry Wong, Olav Solgaard, Thomas Wang, Christopher Contag, Gordon Kino

Proceedings Volume 6443, 64430E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.699484

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Tissues, Microscopes, Microelectromechanical systems, Confocal microscopy, Natural surfaces, Endoscopy, In vivo imaging, Collimation, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2007 Paper

Large-stroke self-aligned vertical comb drive actuated micromirror arrays for adaptive optics applications

Emily Carr, Scot Olivier, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 6467, 64670U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.710894

KEYWORDS: Semiconducting wafers, Actuators, Mirrors, Teeth, Photomasks, 3D modeling, Micromirrors, Adaptive optics, Deep reactive ion etching, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2007 Paper

Reflectance and fluorescence imaging with a MEMS dual–axes confocal microscope

Hyejun Ra, Wibool Piyawattanametha, Yoshihiro Taguchi, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 6466, 64660G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.711560

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Scanners, Mirrors, Luminescence, Reflectivity, Confocal microscopy, Microscopes, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 2006 Paper

High-sensitivity interferometric schemes for ML2 micromirror calibrations

Jen-Shiang Wang, Olav Solgaard, Andrew Neureuther

Proceedings Volume 6151, 615112 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.656553

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Mirrors, Micromirrors, Interferometry, Signal to noise ratio, Maskless lithography, Point spread functions, Spatial light modulators, Photomasks, Lithography

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

Large-stroke self-aligned vertical comb drive actuators for adaptive optics applications

Emily Carr, Scot Olivier, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 6113, 61130T (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.656508

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Teeth, Photomasks, Adaptive optics, 3D modeling, Semiconducting wafers, Optical fabrication, Scanning electron microscopy, Deformable mirrors, Optical fabrication equipment

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2005 Paper

High-resolution microelectromechanical scanners for miniaturized dual-axes confocal microscopes

Hyejun Ra, Il-Woong Jung, Daesung Lee, Uma Krishnamoorthy, Kyoungsik Yu, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 5721, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.597331

KEYWORDS: Confocal microscopy, Microscopes, Scanners, Semiconducting wafers, Silicon, Photomasks, Deep reactive ion etching, Oxides, Teeth, Micromirrors

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 2004 Paper

BioMEMS for high-throughput handling and microinjection of embryos

Ralph Bernstein, Matthew Scott, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 5641, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.584626

KEYWORDS: Microfluidics, Sensors, Genetics, BioMEMS, Dielectrophoresis, Silicon, Microsystems, Control systems, Diffraction gratings, Drug discovery

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2004 Paper

Mechanically switchable photonic crystal structures based on coupled photonic crystal slabs

Wonjoo Suh, Mehmet Yanik, Olav Solgaard, Shanhui Fan

Proceedings Volume 5360, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.521541

KEYWORDS: Photonic crystals, Finite-difference time-domain method, Linear filtering, Optical filters, Microelectromechanical systems, Mirrors, Solids, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Dielectrics, Near field

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2003 Paper

MOEMS spatial light modulator development at the Center for Adaptive Optics

Peter A. Krulevitch, Paul Bierden, Thomas Bifano, Emily Carr, Clara Dimas, Harold Dyson, Michael Helmbrecht, Peter Kurczynski, Richard Muller, Scot Olivier, Yves-Alain Peter, Bernard Sadoulet, Olav Solgaard, Eui-Hyeok Yang

Proceedings Volume 4983, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478562

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Actuators, Microelectromechanical systems, Mirrors, Deformable mirrors, Electronics, Astronomy, Microopto electromechanical systems, Electrodes, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2002 Paper

Micro-optical phased arrays for spatial and spectral switching

Olav Solgaard, Kyoungsik Yu, Uma Krishnamoorthy, Kebin Li, Jonathan Heritage

Proceedings Volume 4755, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462796

KEYWORDS: Micromirrors, Mirrors, Phased arrays, Interferometers, Microelectromechanical systems, Phased array optics, Actuators, Beam splitters, Electrodes, Switching

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Proceedings Article | 22 November 2000 Paper

Micro-electro-mechanical systems spatial light modulator development

Scot Olivier, Paul Bierden, Thomas Bifano, David Bishop, Emily Carr, William Cowan, Matthew Hart, Michael Helmbrecht, Peter A. Krulevitch, Richard Muller, Bernard Sadoulet, Olav Solgaard, J. Yu

Proceedings Volume 4124, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407513

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Microelectromechanical systems, Actuators, Spatial light modulators, Adaptive optics, Electronics, Gold, Control systems, Analytical research, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2000 Paper

Surface-micromachined mirrors for scalable fiber optic switching applications

Uma Krishnamoorthy, Paul Hagelin, Jonathan Heritage, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 4178, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396498

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Switches, Micromirrors, Switching, Actuators, Electrodes, Fiber optics, Optical switching, Silicon, Mirror structures

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Proceedings Article | 24 March 2000 Paper

Multiple-quantum-well GaAs/AlGaAs in-line fiber intensity modulator

Erji Mao, Diego Yankelevich, Christopher Coldren, Olav Solgaard, Andre Knoesen, James Harris

Proceedings Volume 3936, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379966

KEYWORDS: Gallium arsenide, Modulators, Waveguides, Absorption, Mirrors, Quantum wells, Single mode fibers, Fiber couplers, Wave propagation, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 1999 Paper

Static and dynamic characterization of polysilicon surface-micromachined actuators

Volker Laible, Paul Hagelin, Olav Solgaard, Ernst Obermeier

Proceedings Volume 3876, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.360491

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Actuators, Oscilloscopes, Electrodes, Micromirrors, Scanners, Computing systems, Amplifiers, Optical amplifiers, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

GaAs/AlGaAs narrow-bandwidth in-line fiber filter

Erji Mao, Christopher Coldren, James Harris, Diego Yankelevich, Olav Solgaard, Andre Knoesen

Proceedings Volume 3749, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.355027

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Wavelength division multiplexing, Waveguides, Polarization, Single mode fibers, Fiber to the x, Structured optical fibers, Fiber optics, Cladding, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

Integrated micromachined scanning display systems

Paul Hagelin, Uma Krishnamoorthy, Robert Conant, Richard Muller, Kam Lau, Olav Solgaard

Proceedings Volume 3749, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.354841

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Displays, Image resolution, Raster graphics, Silicon, Light sources, Microelectromechanical systems, Scanners, Laser scanners, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 1997 Paper

Micromachined microscanners for optical scanning

Meng-Hsiung Kiang, Olav Solgaard, Richard Muller, Kam Lau

Proceedings Volume 3008, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.271443

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Scanners, Micromirrors, Switches, Silicon, Polysomnography, Optical scanning, Switching, Actuators, Fiber lasers

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 1996 Paper

Actuation of polysilicon surface-micromachined mirrors

Norman Tien, Meng-Hsiung Kiang, Michael Daneman, Olav Solgaard, Kam Lau, Richard Muller

Proceedings Volume 2687, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.234636

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Actuators, Micromirrors, Silicon, Resonators, Semiconductor lasers, Optical components, Capacitors, Oxides, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 1995 Paper

Precision and performance of polysilicon micromirrors for hybrid integrated optics

Olav Solgaard, Norman Tien, Michael Daneman, Meng-Hsiung Kiang, Alois Friedberger, Richard Muller, Kam Lau

Proceedings Volume 2383, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209011

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Micromirrors, Optical alignment, Silicon, Actuators, Integrated optics, Semiconductor lasers, Fiber lasers, Photonic integrated circuits, Laser applications

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Showing 5 of 32 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (4)

MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IV

27 January 2004 | San Jose, California, United States

MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems II

26 January 2004 | San Jose, California, United States

MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems

28 January 2003 | San Jose, CA, United States

MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems III

27 January 2003 | San Jose, CA, United States

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