Full-waveform (FW) LiDAR have been available for 20 years, but compared to discrete LiDAR, there are very few researchers exploiting these data due to the increased complexity. DASOS is an open source command-line software developed for improving the adoption of FW LiDAR in Earth Observation related applications. It uses voxelisation for interpreting the data, which is fundamentally different from the state-of-art tools interpreting FW LiDAR. There are four key features of DASOS: (1) Generation of polygonal meshes by extracting an iso-surface from the voxelised data. (2) the 2D FW LiDAR metrics exported in standard GIS format; each pixel corresponds to a column from the voxelised space and contains information about the spread of the non-open voxels, (3) efficient alignment with hyperspectral imagery using a hashed table with buckets of geolocated hyperspectral pixels. The outputs of the alignment are coloured polygonal meshes, and aligned metrics. (4) The extraction of 3D raw or composite features into vectors using 3D-windows; these feature vectors can be used in machine learning for describing objects, such as trees. Machine learning approaches (e.g. random forest) could be used for classifying trees in the 3D-voxelised space.
KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Sensors, Clouds, Oceanography, Remote sensing, Water, Data processing, Signal processing, Visual process modeling, Machine vision
Harmful algal blooms are believed to be increasing in occurrence and their toxins can be concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish and cause amnesia or paralysis when ingested. As a result fisheries and beaches in the vicinity of blooms may need to be closed and the local population informed. For this avoidance planning timely information on the existence of a bloom, its species and an accurate map of its extent would be prudent. Current research to detect these blooms from space has mainly concentrated on spectral approaches towards determining species. We present a novel statistics-based background-subtraction technique that produces improved descriptions of an anomaly's extent from remotely-sensed ocean colour data. This is achieved by extracting bulk information from a background model; this is complemented by a computer vision ramp filtering technique to specifically detect the perimeter of the anomaly. The complete extraction technique uses temporal-variance estimates which control the subtraction of the scene of interest from the time-weighted background estimate, producing confidence maps of anomaly extent. Through the variance estimates the method learns the associated noise present in the data sequence, providing robustness, and allowing generic application. Further, the use of the median for the background model reduces the effects of anomalies that appear within the time sequence used to generate it, allowing seasonal variations in the background levels to be closely followed. To illustrate the detection algorithm's application, it has been applied to two spectrally different oceanic regions.
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