By combining optical and x-ray transient data, we access the excited electron system and lattice of gold nanoparticle. The particle expansion starts already with the optical excitation pulse and thus occurs in the kinetic limit of the electron gas excitation. We present a new microscopic, parameter-free model that reproduces the experimental observations and leads to insight into ultrafast phenomena, which are addressed by the sampling of transient optical fields.
We report on the use of multilayer Laue lenses to focus the intense X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) beam at the European XFEL to a spot size of a few tens of nanometers. We present the procedure to align and characterize these lenses and discuss challenges working with the pulse trains from this unique x-ray source.
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