A highly sensitive, reversible, and linear sensor, exhibiting excellent stability in response to temperature and humidity, has been successfully proposed and demonstrated for the first time. This sensor is achieved by wrapping a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene nanofiber film onto a chiral long-period fiber grating (CLPG), which is fabricated by periodically twisting single mode fiber. In the experiment, the CLPG sensor demonstrates a temperature sensitivity of 74 pm/°C, which is approximately twice as high as that of conventional fiber grating sensors. Note that, by wrapping the graphene nanofiber film on CLPG, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is up to 115.23 pm/°C in the range of 30°C to 75°C. In addition, CLPG using for humidity sensing is first demonstrated. The humidity sensitivity measures −9.92 pm/%RH with linearity of 0.995 during a change from 40%RH to 80%RH. In comparison to other humidity sensors, the sensitivity of the CLPG is comparable, whereas its sensing linearity stands out notably above the rest. The results show that CLPG has the characteristics of simple fabrication, easy combination with materials, stable performance, and high sensitivity and holds significant development potential in optical fiber sensing application fields.
In this paper, we proposed a highly sensitive temperature and humidity sensors based on two types of physically deformed long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) which was fabricated by periodically twisting and micro-tapering single- mode fiber, also known as chiral long-period fiber grating (CLPG) and microtapered long-period fiber grating (MTLPFG), respectively. Meanwhile, the superior sensing characteristics of graphene-enhanced CLPG sensor for temperature and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated MTLPFG sensor for humidity are successfully demonstrated. In the temperature experiment, due to the excellent thermal conductivity of graphene, the CLPG transmission spectrum has excellent responsiveness and linearity, and the measured temperature sensitivity is 115 pm/℃. Compared with the traditional fiber gratings, the temperature sensitivity has been significantly improved. Unfortunately, as a humidity measure, fiber grating is insensitive to humidity. Therefore, the MTLPG coated with PVA nanofilms is proposed to realize humidity sensing measurement. Due to the perfect combination of the special micro-nano structure and humidity sensitive film, this humidity sensor obtained excellent sensing sensitivity and linearity. Note that the humidity sensitivity of the PVA-coated MTLPFG has a humidity sensitivity of up to 13.27 pm/%RH. This physically deformed LPFGs are non-degradable, stable and higher sensitive, we believe that it will providing a key role in high-precision temperature and humidity sensing fields.
Spectral confocal technology is widely used in the field of object contour scanning with non-contact measurement. For high-speed collection of spectral confocal signal, the collection speed is not only related to the integration time of the photodetector but limited by the efficiency of reading out the spectral signal from the detector. In order to solve this problem, a spectral confocal signal collection method based on acquisition and tracking algorithm with variable window width is proposed to improve the data collection efficiency. The algorithm improves collection efficiency by only collecting the useful signals in the spectrum. The simulation results show that the signal collection efficiency with the proposed algorithm for the CMOS sensor is improved significantly compared to the conventional method. For smooth object surfaces, the data collection efficiency is improved above 44.5 times. It is proved that the proposed method in this paper providing a novel approach for implementing high-speed collection of spectral confocal signal.
A split-step birefringence simulation method is proposed to investigate the gating efficiency and intensity distribution of the Kerr signal field considering the evolution of the switch beam and probe beam in their path. Using this simulation method, we investigated the switch-beam power-dependent gating efficiency and conducted an experiment to prove its reliability. Furthermore, we analyzed the optical intensity distribution of the Kerr signal exiting the Kerr medium under different switch-beam powers. This study provides an effective theoretical tool for the design and optimization of optical Kerr gates.
Circularly polarized light play an important role in various areas. Compared with the circular polarizer generated in free space, the all-fiber circular polarizer based on double helix chiral long period fiber grating (CLPG) has the advantages of higher conversion efficiency, compatibility, and lower insertion loss, etc. However, circular polarizers of CLPGs have the problems of narrow bandwidth, low purity, and uneven working band, which seriously limit the performance and become a new challenge in this field. In this work, we proposed a method to efficiently generate an ultra-broadband flat-top circular polarizer by double-helix CLPGs. The mechanism of realizing the ultra-broadband and flat circular polarizer of the CLPG—which was eight times larger than that of traditional CLPGs—was elucidated. Meanwhile, a broadband and flatness circular polarizer mode coupling theory for CLPGs was proposed and established.
In this paper, for the first time, we propose a large-broadband orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converter based on helical long period fiber grating (HLPG) working at turning point (TP). Owing to the combination of dual-resonance peaks at TP, an OAM mode converter with 3-dB bandwidth of ~287 nm is readily obtained, and a high coupling efficiency of ~100% is achieved. We believe that this OAM mode converter will play a key role in fiber communication and other fields.
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