Dr. John W. MacKenty Profile

Dr. John W. MacKenty

HST Mission Scientist / Senior Scientist

SPIE Involvement:

Editorial Board Member: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems | Author

Publications (53)

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Open Access

Lessons from the development and servicing of HST for future astronomy missions

John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume PC12677, PC1267703 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2683501

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SPIE Journal Paper | 12 March 2020 Open Access

Special Section Guest Editorial: Detectors for Astronomy and Cosmology

Shouleh Nikzad, Erika Hamden, Michael Hoenk, John MacKenty, Andrei Nomerotski, Charles Shapiro, Roger Smith

JATIS, Vol. 6, Issue 01, 011001, (March 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.6.1.011001

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Astronomy, Charge-coupled devices, Image sensors, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Quantum efficiency, Ultraviolet radiation, Exoplanets, Calibration, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

COS2025: a strategy to extend the lifetime of the FUV detector on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph

David Sahnow, Gisella de Rosa, John MacKenty, Cristina Oliveira, Steven Penton, Julia Roman-Duval

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106992U (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312916

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Airglow, Microchannel plates, Spectrographs, Calibration, Hubble Space Telescope, Photons

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The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) has been collecting data since soon after its installation on the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2009. The two-segment microchannel plate-based detector for the FUV channel is subject to gain sag, and eventually a permanent loss of efficiency at the locations where the largest number of counts have fallen. The initial strategy for the use of the detector was to maximize the scientific productivity of the instrument over the five-year design lifetime. This has been accomplished by periodically adjusting the high voltage and moving the spectra to a different location on the detector in order to spread the damage on the detector and thus minimize gain sag. The instrument is now well past this point and performing well, so in late 2016 we began to investigate ways to extend the life of the detector for as long as possible without seriously affecting the scientific performance. As a result of these studies, we adopted a new lifetime extension strategy when the spectra were moved to Lifetime Position 4 (LP4) in October 2017, and placed restrictions on the G130M observing modes that put Lyman-α airglow lines on the detector. Central wavelengths 1300, 1309, 1318, and 1327 are no longer permitted to illuminate Segment B of the detector, and G130M/1291 is permitted on that segment only for FP-POS values 3 and 4 in order to concentrate the damage to the detector. These changes limit the damage from gain sag “holes” due to airglow to only two locations on the detector, rather than the twenty at the previous LPs. In addition, we modified our previous approach of increasing the high voltage or changing LPs before any hole experienced a sensitivity loss of 5%, and will permit the two G130M/1291 holes to become permanently sagged, thus creating a new detector gap. Science programs that require wavelength coverage near the rest-frame Lyman-α region (1216 Å) can be executed at LP3. Observations with other gratings remain unaffected, but the wavelength coverage on Segment B for a single exposure will now include gaps due to the gain sag holes from the G130M/1291 observations. Models of gain loss as a function of exposure suggest that by adopting this strategy and giving up these small regions of the detector, we will be able to use LP4 productively for six or more years, as opposed to the ~2.5 years that was available at previous positions.

Proceedings Article | 5 September 2017 Presentation + Paper

SYNERGY: an Explorer mission concept for a next-generation ultraviolet survey

John MacKenty, Jason Tumlinson, Jonathan Arenberg, Craig Elder, Adam Gunderson, Steven Warwick, Terri O'Connell, Carlton Wong

Proceedings Volume 10398, 103980W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274464

KEYWORDS: Imaging spectroscopy, Galactic astronomy, Space telescopes, Ultraviolet radiation, Near ultraviolet, Stars, Charge-coupled devices, Visible radiation, Ultraviolet telescopes, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 30 November 2016 Paper

The GMOX science case: resolving galaxies through cosmic time

Mario Gennaro, Massimo Robberto, Timothy Heckman, Stephen Smee, Robert Barkhouser, Zoran Ninkov, Angela Adamo, George Becker, Andrea Bellini, Luciana Bianchi, Arjan Bik, Rongmon Bordoloi, Annalisa Calamida, Daniela Calzetti, Gisella De Rosa, Susana Deustua, Jason Kalirai, Jennifer Lotz, John MacKenty, Carlo Felice Manara, Margaret Meixner, Camilla Pacifici, Elena Sabbi, Kailash Sahu, Jason Tumlinson

Proceedings Volume 9908, 990849 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232101

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Gemini Observatory, Galactic astronomy, Spatial resolution, Adaptive optics, Stars, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Ultraviolet radiation, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Distortion of the pixel grid in HST WFC3/UVIS and ACS/WFC CCD detectors and its astrometric correction

Vera Kozhurina-Platais, John Mackenty, David Golimovski, Marco Sirianni, David Borncamp, Jay Anderson, Norman Grogin

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99046I (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233793

KEYWORDS: Distortion, Charge-coupled devices, Distortion, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Sensors, Cameras, CCD cameras, Photomasks, Lithography, Space telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

Lessons from and methods for surveying large areas with the Hubble Space Telescope

John MacKenty, Ivelina Momcheva

Proceedings Volume 9910, 99101E (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233832

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Data centers, Calibration, Electroluminescent displays, Solar processes, Algorithm development, Solar telescopes, Data processing, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

A near ultraviolet solar-blind telescope design using silicon CCD detectors

John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 9905, 990533 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233217

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Ultraviolet radiation, Space telescopes, Telescopes, CCD image sensors, Sensors, Ultraviolet telescopes, Mirrors, Ultraviolet radiation, Mirrors, Spherical lenses, Field programmable gate arrays

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014 Paper

HST/WFC3 flux calibration ladder: Vega

Susana Deustua, Ralph Bohlin, Nor Pirzkal, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 9143, 91433G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056558

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Stars, Infrared radiation, Signal to noise ratio, Photometry, Sensors, Hubble Space Telescope, Atmospheric modeling, Instrument modeling, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014 Paper

HST/WFC3: new capabilities, improved IR detector calibrations, and long-term performance stability

John MacKenty, Sylvia Baggett, Gabriel Brammer, Bryan Hilbert, Knox Long, Peter McCullough, Adam Riess

Proceedings Volume 9143, 914328 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056853

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Stars, Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, Infrared detectors, Infrared radiation, Electrons, CCD image sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Infrared imaging

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Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) is the most used instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Providing a broad range of high quality imaging capabilities from 200 to 1700mn using Silicon CCD and HgCdTe IR detectors, WFC3 is fulfilling both our expectations and its formal requirements. With the re-establishment of the observatory level "spatial scan" capability, we have extended the scientific potential ofWFC3 in multiple directions. These controlled scans, often in combination with low resolution slit-less spectroscopy, enable extremely high precision differential photometric measurements of transiting exo-planets and direct measurement of sources considerably brighter than originally anticipated. In addition, long scans permit the measurement of the separation of star images to accuracies approaching 25 micro-arc seconds (a factor of 10 better than prior FGS or imaging measurements) enables direct parallax observations out to 4 kilo-parsecs. In addition, we have employed this spatial scan capability to both assess and improve the mid spatial frequency flat field calibrations. WFC3 uses a Teledyne HgCdTe 1014xl014 pixel Hawaii-lR infrared detector array developed for this mission. One aspect of this detector with implications for many types of science observations is the localized trapping of charge. This manifests itself as both image persistence lasting several hours and as an apparent response variation with photon arrival rate over a large dynamic range. Beyond a generally adopted observing strategy of obtaining multiple observations with small spatial offsets, we have developed a multi-parameter model that accounts for source flux, accumulated signal level, and decay time to predict image persistence at the pixel level. Using a running window through the entirety of the acquired data, we now provide observers with predictions for each individual exposure within several days of its acquisition. Ongoing characterization of the sources on infrared background and the causes of its temporal and spatial variation has led to the appreciation of the impact of He I 1.083 micron emission from the earth's atmosphere. This adds a significant and variable background to the two filters and two grisms which include this spectral feature when the HST spacecraft is outside of the earth's shadow. After nearly five years in orbit, long term trending of the scientific and engineering behavior of WFC3 demonstrates excellent stability other than the expected decline in CCD charge transfer efficiency. Addition of post-flash signal to images is shown to markedly improve the transfer efficiency for low level signals. Combined with a pixel based correction algorithm developed at STScl, CCD performance is stabilized at levels only slightly degraded from its initial values.

Proceedings Article | 25 September 2012 Paper

HST/WFC3 UVIS detectors: radiation damage effects and mitigation

S. Baggett, K. Noeske, J. Anderson, J. MacKenty, L. Petro

Proceedings Volume 8453, 845336 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926901

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Radiation effects, Stars, Amplifiers, Signal attenuation, Photometry, Calibration, Cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Characterizing persistence in the IR detector within the Wide Field Camera 3 instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope

Knox Long, Sylvia Baggett, John MacKenty, Adam Riess

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84421W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926778

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Infrared detectors, Infrared imaging, Data modeling, Infrared sensors, Diodes, Cameras, Hubble Space Telescope, Infrared telescopes, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Performance and calibration of the HST Wide Field Camera 3

John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84421V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.927186

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Optical filters, Stars, Mirrors, Cameras, Infrared detectors, Mercury cadmium telluride

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2010 Paper

WFC3 detectors: on-orbit performance

S. Baggett, J. MacKenty, R. Kimble, T. Borders, B. Hilbert, S. Deustua, V. Kozhurina-Platais, K. Long, A. Riess, R. Gilliland, R. Hill, J. Kalirai

Proceedings Volume 7731, 773138 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857642

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Infrared detectors, Staring arrays, Calibration, Cameras, Multiplexers, Mercury cadmium telluride, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2010 Paper

HST/WFC3 in-orbit grism performance

H. Kuntschner, H. Bushouse, M. Kümmel, J. Walsh, J. MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77313A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856421

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Stars, Cameras, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2010 Paper

Persistence and count-rate nonlinearity in the HST WFC3 IR detector

Susana Deustua, Knox Long, Peter McCullough, Adam Riess, John MacKenty, Randy Kimble, Sylvia Baggett, Bryan Hilbert, Robert Hill, Cheryl Pavlovsky, Larry Petro

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77313C (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857582

KEYWORDS: Stars, Sensors, Infrared detectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Cameras, Infrared sensors, Infrared imaging, Photometry, Tungsten, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2010 Paper

On-orbit performance of HST Wide Field Camera 3

John MacKenty, Randy Kimble, Robert O'Connell, Jacqueline Townsend

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77310Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857533

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Infrared detectors, Optical filters, Charge-coupled devices, Ultraviolet radiation, Infrared sensors, Cameras, CCD image sensors, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2009 Paper

Wide Field Camera 3 CCD quantum efficiency hysteresis: characterization and mitigation

Nicholas Collins, Nicholas Boehm, Gregory Delo, Roger Foltz, Robert Hill, Emily Kan, Randy Kimble, Eliot Malumuth, Robert Rosenberry, Augustyn Waczynski, Yiting Wen, Sylvia Baggett, Howard Bushouse, Susana Deustua, Jessica Kim-Quijano, John MacKenty, Andre Martel, Elena Sabbi

Proceedings Volume 7439, 74390B (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828439

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal detection, Charge-coupled devices, CCD cameras, Quantum efficiency, Cameras, Near ultraviolet, Lamps, Visible radiation, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 28 January 2009 Paper

Spectroscopy using the Hadamard Transform

D. Fixsen, M. Greenhouse, J. MacKenty, J. Mather

Proceedings Volume 7249, 72490X (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810499

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Stars, Infrared spectroscopy, Astronomical imaging, Telescopes, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2008 Paper

The Wide-Field Camera 3 detectors

S. Baggett, R. Hill, R. Kimble, J. MacKenty, A. Waczynski, H. Bushouse, N. Boehm, H. Bond, T. Brown, N. Collins, G. Delo, L. Dressel, R. Foltz, G. Hartig, B. Hilbert, E. Kan, J. Kim-Quijano, E. Malumuth, A. Martel, P. McCullough, L. Petro, M. Robberto, Y. Wen

Proceedings Volume 7021, 70211Q (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790056

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Charge-coupled devices, Cameras, Staring arrays, Infrared imaging, Infrared detectors, Amplifiers, Thermography, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2008 Paper

Wide Field Camera 3: science capabilities and plans for flight operation

John MacKenty, Randy Kimble, Robert O'Connell, Jacqueline Townsend

Proceedings Volume 7010, 70101F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790039

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Cameras, Optical filters, Ultraviolet radiation, Infrared imaging, Electronics, Camera shutters, Space telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2008 Paper

Wide Field Camera 3: a powerful new imager for the Hubble Space Telescope

Randy Kimble, John MacKenty, Robert O'Connell, Jacqueline Townsend

Proceedings Volume 7010, 70101E (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789581

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Calibration, Head, Infrared imaging, Infrared cameras, Quantum efficiency, Imaging systems, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2008 Paper

Wide field camera 3 ground testing and calibration

H. Bushouse, S. Baggett, H. Bond, T. Brown, S. Deustua, G. Hartig, B. Hilbert, R. Hill, J. Kim-Quijano, R. Kimble, J. MacKenty, A. Martel, P. McCullough, L. Petro, S. Rinehart, M. Robberto

Proceedings Volume 7010, 70104P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789569

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Sensors, Calibration, Infrared imaging, Charge-coupled devices, Cameras, Thermography, Infrared sensors, Optical filters, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2006 Paper

Illuminating dark energy with the joint efficient dark-energy investigation (JEDI)

Edward Cheng, Yun Wang, Edward Baron, David Branch, Stefano Casertano, Arlin Crotts, Helmuth Drosdat, Luke Dubord, Robert Egerman, Peter Garnavich, David Gulbransen, Alexander Kutyrev, John MacKenty, John Miles, Leonidas Moustakas, Mark Phillips, Thomas Roellig, Robert Silverberg, Gordon Squires, J. Craig Wheeler, Edward Wright

Proceedings Volume 6265, 626529 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669446

KEYWORDS: Imaging spectroscopy, Galactic astronomy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Spectroscopy, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Sensors, Space operations, Spectroscopes, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2006 Paper

Status and performance of HST/wide field camera 3

Randy Kimble, John MacKenty, Robert O'Connell

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62650I (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671986

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Cameras, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Galactic astronomy, Image filtering, Mercury cadmium telluride, Infrared imaging, Quantum efficiency, Staring arrays

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Proceedings Article | 28 June 2006 Paper

Commissioning of the IRMOS MEMS spectrometer

John MacKenty, Raymond Ohl, Matthew Greenhouse, Richard Green

Proceedings Volume 6269, 626915 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672317

KEYWORDS: Digital micromirror devices, Mirrors, Sensors, Calibration, Microelectromechanical systems, Spectroscopy, Stars, Space telescopes, K band, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Filters for HST Wide Field Camera 3

S. Baggett, T. Brown, R. Boucarut, D. Figer, G. Hartig, R. Kimble, J. MacKenty, M. Robberto, R. Telfer, J. Kim-Quijano, M. Quijada, G. Allen, P. Arsenovic, B. Hilbert, O. Lupie, J. Townsend

Proceedings Volume 6265, 626532 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672300

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Image filtering, Bandpass filters, Ultraviolet radiation, Optical filtering, Coating, Cameras, Infrared imaging, Sensors, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 10 June 2006 Paper

Wide-field camera 3 ground testing and calibration

H. Bushouse, S. Baggett, T. Brown, G. Hartig, B. Hilbert, R. Hill, R. Kimble, O. Lupie, J. MacKenty, I. Reid, M. Robberto

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62650J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672007

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Infrared imaging, Staring arrays, Thermography, Charge-coupled devices, Optical filters, Cameras, Infrared sensors, Calibration, Infrared detectors

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Status and performance of HST Wide Field Camera 3

Randy Kimble, John MacKenty, Robert O'Connell

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552866

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical filters, Cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Image filtering, Infrared imaging, Robotics, Electronics, Galactic astronomy, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2004 Paper

Design and performance of a MEMS-based infrared multi-object spectrometer

John MacKenty, Richard Green, Matthew Greenhouse, Raymond Ohl

Proceedings Volume 5492, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551913

KEYWORDS: Digital micromirror devices, Mirrors, Sensors, Telescopes, Infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Space telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Micromirrors, James Webb Space Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2004 Paper

Design study for the WIYN high-resolution infrared camera

Margaret Meixner, Patricia Knezek, Edward Churchwell, Ryan Doering, Remy Indebetouw, Donald Figer, John MacKenty, Andrew Fruchter, Robert Barkhouser, Stephen Smee

Proceedings Volume 5492, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.550868

KEYWORDS: Stars, Telescopes, Galactic astronomy, Near infrared, Cameras, Optical filters, Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Infrared cameras, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2004 Paper

Integration, testing, and performance of the Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer

Raymond Ohl, Joseph Connelly, Robert Boyle, Rebecca Derro, Danette Fitzgerald, Matthew Greenhouse, Timothy Madison, John Mentzell, Brian Nord, Leroy Sparr, Jason Hylan, Knute Ray, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 5492, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551494

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Digital micromirror devices, Optical alignment, Infrared spectroscopy, Optical design, Point spread functions, Spectroscopy, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

The infrared detectors for the wide field camera 3 on HST

Massimo Robberto, Sylvia Baggett, B. Hilbert, John MacKenty, Randy Kimble, Robert Hill, David Cottingham, Greg Delo, Scott Johnson, Wayne Landsman, Eliot Malumuth, Elizabeth Polidan, Anne Russell, Augustyn Waczynski, Edward Wassell, Yiting Wen, Allan Haas, John Montroy, Eric Piquette, Kadri Vural, Craig Cabelli, Donald Hall

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551807

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Infrared detectors, Cameras, Space telescopes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Electrons, Astronomy, Capacitance, Hubble Space Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 2004 Paper

Selection of the infrared detectors for Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope

Massimo Robberto, Massimo Stiavelli, Sylvia Baggett, Bryan Hilbert, John MacKenty, Randy Kimble, Robert Hill, David Cottingham, Gregory Delo, Scott Johnson, Wayne Landsman, Eliot Malumuth, Elizabeth Polidan, Anne Russell, Augustyn Waczynski, Edward Wassell, Yiting Wen, Allan Haas, John Montroy, Eric Piquette, Kadri Vural, Craig Cabelli, Donald Hall

Proceedings Volume 5167, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.507334

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Cameras, Infrared detectors, Hubble Space Telescope, Space telescopes, Infrared sensors, Multiplexers, Optical filters, Mercury cadmium telluride

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2003 Paper

Alignment of the grating wheel mechanism for a ground-based cryogenic near-infrared astronomy instrument

Sharon Gutkowski, Raymond Ohl, Jason Hylan, John Hagopian, Stephen Kraft, J. Mentzell, Joseph Connelly, Joseph Schepis, Leroy Sparr, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 5172, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.503506

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, Mirrors, Tolerancing, Cryogenics, Liquid crystals, Telescopes, Computer aided design, Metrology, James Webb Space Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2003 Paper

Alignment and performance of the Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer

Joseph Connelly, Raymond Ohl, J. Mentzell, Timothy Madison, Jason Hylan, Ronald Mink, Timo Saha, June Tveekrem, Leroy Sparr, Victor Chambers, Danette Fitzgerald, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 5172, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.503984

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Sensors, Space telescopes, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Point spread functions, Spectroscopy, Optical alignment, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2003 Paper

Effects of forged stock on cryogenic performance of heat-treated aluminum mirrors

Ronald Toland, Raymond Ohl, Michael Barthelmy, Said Zewari, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 5172, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506753

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optical spheres, Aluminum, Cryogenics, Heat treatments, Spherical lenses, Diamond, Optical testing, Interferometers, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2003 Paper

Lessons learned from the design, fabrication, integration, and test of a cryogenic IR spectrometer for ground-based astronomy

Jason Hylan, Leroy Sparr, Raymond Ohl, John Mentzell, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 5172, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506082

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Optical components, Cryogenics, Infrared spectroscopy, Space telescopes, Optical benches, Optical design, Microelectromechanical systems, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

IRMOS: an infrared multi-object spectrometer using a MEMs micromirror array

John MacKenty, Matthew Greenhouse, Richard Green, Leroy Sparr, Raymond Ohl, Robert Winsor

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461484

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Digital micromirror devices, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Micromirrors, Space telescopes, Infrared spectroscopy, Microelectromechanical systems, Astronomical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

Optical testing of diamond-machined aspheric mirrors for ground-based, near-IR astronomy

John Chambers, Ronald Mink, Raymond Ohl, Joseph Connelly, John Mentzell, Steven Arnold, Matthew Greenhouse, Robert Winsor, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.458966

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Computer generated holography, Wavefronts, Interferometers, Tolerancing, Space telescopes, Data modeling, Optical testing, Spectroscopy, Aluminum

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The Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer (IRMOS) is a facility-class instrument for the Kitt Peak National Observatory 4 and 2.l meter telescopes. IRMOS is a near-IR (0.8-2.5 μm) spectrometer and operates at ~80 K. The 6061-T651 aluminum bench and mirrors constitute an athermal design. The instrument produces simultaneous spectra at low- to mid-resolving power (R = λ/Δλ = 300-3000) of ~100 objects in its 2.8×2.0 arcmin field. We describe ambient and cryogenic optical testing of the IRMOS mirrors across a broad range in spatial frequency (figure error, mid-frequency error, and microroughness). The mirrors include three rotationally symmetric, off-axis conic sections, one off-axis biconic, and several flat fold mirrors. The symmetric mirrors include convex and concave prolate and oblate ellipsoids. They range in aperture from 94×86 mm to 286×269 mm and in f-number from 0.9 to 2.4. The biconic mirror is concave and has a 94×76 mm aperture, R_x=377 mm, k_x=0.0778, R_y=407 mm, and k_y=0.1265 and is decentered by -2 mm in X and 227 mm in Y. All of the mirrors have an aspect ratio of approximately 6:1. The surface error fabrication tolerances are < 10 nm RMS microroughness, best effort for mid-frequency error, and < 63.3 nm RMS figure error. Ambient temperature (~293 K) testing is performed for each of the three surface error regimes, and figure testing is also performed at ~80 K. Operation of the ADE PhaseShift MicroXAM white light interferometer (micro-roughness) and the Bauer Model 200 profilometer (mid-frequency error) is described. Both the sag and conic values of the aspheric mirrors make these tests challenging. Figure testing is performed using a Zygo GPI interferometer, custom computer generated holograms (CGH), and optomechanical alignment fiducials. Cryogenic CGH null testing is discussed in detail. We discuss complications such as the change in prescription with temperature and thermal gradients. Correction for the effect of the dewar window is also covered. We discuss the error budget for the optical test and alignment procedure. Data reduction is accomplished using commercial optical design and data analysis software packages. Results from CGH testing at cryogenic temperatures are encouraging thus far.

Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

Design and fabrication of diamond-machined aspheric mirrors for ground-based near-IR astronomy

Raymond Ohl, Werner Preuss, Alex Sohn, Shelly Conkey, Ken Garrard, John Hagopian, Joseph Howard, Jason Hylan, Sandra Irish, John Mentzell, Mechthild Schroeder, Leroy Sparr, Robert Winsor, Said Wahid Zewari, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.458967

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Aluminum, Optical alignment, Spindles, Off axis mirrors, Tolerancing, Diamond, Space telescopes, Optical fabrication, Single point diamond turning

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

Imaging performance and modeling of the infrared multi-object spectrometer focal reducer

Joseph Connelly, Raymond Ohl, Timo Saha, Theo Hadjimichael, John Mentzell, Ronald Mink, Jason Hylan, Leroy Sparr, John Chambers, John Hagopian, Matthew Greenhouse, Robert Winsor, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.458974

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Infrared spectroscopy, Optical alignment, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Light scattering, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Infrared detectors for WFC3 on the Hubble Space Telescope

Massimo Robberto, Sylvia Baggett, Chris Hanley, B. Hilbert, John MacKenty, Edward Cheng, Robert Hill, Scott Johnson, Eliot Malumuth, Elizabeth Polidan, Augustyn Waczynski, Yiting Wen, Allan Haas, John Montroy, Eric Piquette, Kadri Vural, Craig Cabelli, Donald Hall

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461197

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hubble Space Telescope, Infrared detectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Multiplexers, Detector development, Cameras, Quantum efficiency, Diodes, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2002 Paper

Comparison of stress-relief procedures for cryogenic aluminum mirrors

Raymond Ohl, Michael Barthelmy, Said Wahid Zewari, Ronald Toland, Joseph McMann, David Puckett, John Hagopian, Jason Hylan, John Mentzell, Ronald Mink, Leroy Sparr, Matthew Greenhouse, John MacKenty

Proceedings Volume 4822, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451762

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Aluminum, Heat treatments, Spherical lenses, Cryogenics, Temperature metrology, Single point diamond turning, Camera shutters, Error analysis, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 2 October 2000 Paper

Optical design for an infrared imaging multi-object spectrometer (IRMOS)

Robert Winsor, John MacKenty, Massimo Stiavelli, Matthew Greenhouse, John Mentzell, Raymond Ohl, Richard Green

Proceedings Volume 4092, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.402425

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Optical design, Sensors, Space telescopes, Micromirrors, Infrared spectroscopy, Astronomical imaging, Off axis mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Widefield camera 3 for the Hubble Space Telescope

Edward Cheng, Robert Hill, John MacKenty, Laura Cawley, Patricia Knezek, Ray Kutina, Casey Lisse, Olivia Lupie, Massimo Robberto, Massimo Stiavelli, Robert O'Connell, Bruce Balick, H. Bond, Daniela Calzetti, M. Carollo, Mike Disney, Mike Dopita, J. Frogel, Donald Hall, J. Hester, John Holtzman, Gerard Luppino, P. McCarthy, Francesco Paresce, Abhijit Saha, J. Silk, John Trauger, A. Walker, B. Whitmore, R. Windhorst, Erick Young

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.394020

KEYWORDS: Stars, Cameras, Hubble Space Telescope, Astronomy, Galactic astronomy, Sensors, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Ultraviolet radiation, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Detector requirements for NGST

Craig McCreight, Albert Fowler, Thomas Greene, Matthew Greenhouse, Donald Hall, Knox Long, John MacKenty, Robert Martineau, Judith Pipher, Michael Ressler, Erick Young

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.394048

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Near infrared, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Detector arrays, Space telescopes, Modulation transfer functions

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Performance of HST as an infrared telescope

Massimo Robberto, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, John Bacinski, Daniela Calzetti, John Krist, John MacKenty, J. Piquero, Massimo Stiavelli

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.394037

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Sensors, Cameras, Optical filters, Data modeling, Temperature metrology, Infrared telescopes, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

First results with the Achromatic Interfero Coronograph

Pierre Baudoz, Yves Rabbia, Jean Gay, Emmanuel Rossi, Larry Petro, Sean Casey, Pierre Bely, Richard Burg, John MacKenty, Bruno Fleury, Pierre-Yves Madec

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321671

KEYWORDS: Stars, Coronagraphy, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Cameras, Space telescopes, Nulling interferometry, Telescopes, Turbulence, Light

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 1998 Paper

Yardstick integrated science instrument module concept for NGST

Richard Burg, Pierre Bely, Robert Woodruff, John MacKenty, Massimo Stiavelli, Stefano Casertano, Craig McCreight, Alan Hoffman

Proceedings Volume 3356, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324532

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, Near infrared, Spectrometers, Space telescopes, Optical benches, Spectrographs, Mirrors, Optical filters, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 1998 Paper

On-orbit properties of the NICMOS detectors on HST

Chris Skinner, Louis Bergeron, Alfred Schultz, John MacKenty, A. Storrs, Wolfram Freudling, D. Axon, Howard Bushouse, Daniela Calzetti, L. Colina, D. Daou, D. Gilmore, Sherie Holfeltz, Joan Najita, Keith Noll, Christine Ritchie, William Sparks, A. Suchkov

Proceedings Volume 3354, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317208

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, Calibration, Amplifiers, Signal detection, Mercury cadmium telluride, Electrons, Space telescopes, Lamps, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 2 June 1995 Paper

Effects of the space environment on the HST Wide Field Planetary Camera-I

John MacKenty, Sylvia Baggett, John Biretta, Michael Hinds, Christine Ritchie, Lee Feinberg, John Trauger

Proceedings Volume 2478, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.210921

KEYWORDS: Contamination, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Ultraviolet radiation, Cameras, Radiation effects, UV optics, Optical filters, Environmental sensing

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1993 Paper

On-orbit management of contaminants within the Hubble Space Telescope widefield planetary camera and their effect on instrument performance

John MacKenty, Glenn Schneider, Sylvia Baggett, Dana Mitchell, Christine Ritchie, William Sparks

Proceedings Volume 1945, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.158770

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Floods, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Cameras, Quantum efficiency, Head, Hubble Space Telescope, CCD cameras

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Showing 5 of 53 publications

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