Prof. James McGrath Profile

Prof. James McGrath

at Univ of Rochester

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Rapid detection of intact SARS-CoV-2 viral particles using silicon nanomembranes

Michael Klaczko, Baturay Ozgurun, Brian Ward, Jonathan Flax, James McGrath

Proceedings Volume 11626, 1162609 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579733

KEYWORDS: Particles, Silicon, Switches, Chemistry, Sensors, Resistance, Prototyping, Point-of-care devices, Nanoparticles

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has revealed the need for rapid and inexpensive diagnostic testing to enable population-based screening for active infection. Neither standard diagnostic testing, the detection and measurement of viral RNA (via polymerase chain reaction), or serological testing (via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) has the capability to definitively determine active infection. The former due to a lack of ability to distinguish between replicable and inert viral RNA, and the latter due to varying immune responses (ranging from latent to a complete lack of immune response altogether). Despite many companies producing rapid point-of-care (POC) tests, none will address the global scale of testing needed and few help to combat the ever growing issue of testing resource scarcity. Here we discuss our efforts towards the development of a highly manufacturable, microfluidic device that instantly indicates active viral infection status from ~ 20 μL of nasal mucus or phlegm and requires no external power. The device features a biotin functionalized silicon nanomembrane within an acrylic body containing channels and ports for sample introduction and analysis. Virus capture and target confirmation are done using affinity-based capture and size-based occlusion respectively. Modularity of the device is proven with bead and vaccinia virus capture as we work towards testing with both pure SARS-CoV-2 virus and human samples. With success on all fronts, we could achieve an inexpensive POC diagnostic which can determine an individual’s infection status, aiding containment efforts in the current and future pandemics. In addition to direct viral detection, our method can be used as a rapid POC sample preparation tool that limits the application of PCR reagents to those samples which already display viral size and antigen-based positivity through our device.

Proceedings Article | 20 August 2011 Paper

A phase unwrapping algorithm based on Branch cuts for living cell's interference pattern

Meng Wang, Wang Xia, Greg Schmidt, Duncan Moore, James McGrath

Proceedings Volume 8192, 819214 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.899585

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Interferometers, Microscopes, Optoelectronics, Connective tissue, Image processing, 3D image processing, Biosensing, Phase shifts, Refractive index

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Fibroblast is the main part in the loose connective tissue and differentiates from the mesenchymal cell when it is in embryo. It exhibits highly reproducible growth kinetics and reproducible healing dynamics in the scratch-wound assay and the height of it could show this prediction. In order to measure the height of these cells, we construct an interferometer measuration system. As we all know, the interference pattern should be unwrapped first, there are plenty of methods that are under research. In this paper we want to find out a typical methods that could be used in living cell's interference pattern during image processing, and also we can get the conclusion that how to use the method and why it is fit to unwrap the phase of cells. There are mainly three parts in this paper: Firstly, we have designed an Interference system which can be used to get the interference pattern, here we used multiphase interference microscope to measure the cell height. Secondly, a typical method which is based on Goldstein's branch cuts algorithm were used to guide the way that how the phase is unwrapped, this method is the most efficient way to phase unwrapping, and it could induct the unwrapping path through using the branch cut method which could get rid of the residues as much as it could be. As a comparison, we also used some other methods to find different results. Such as the quality-guided path following phase unwrapping; and the Costantini phase unwrapping. Finally, we analyzed the results of the three-dimensional model of the cell surface topography, as a result of the various noises during the experiment, all these unwrapping methods above can't eliminate all the residues and noises, but compared with the other results, the Goldstein's branch cut method has the fittest advantages, it gives the most fluent topography of the living cells.

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