This paper presents a visualization method of intestine (the small and large intestine) regions and their stenosed parts caused by ileus from CT volumes. Since it is difficult for non-expert clinicians to find stenosed parts, the intestine and its stenosed parts should be visualized intuitively. Furthermore, the intestine regions of ileus cases are quite hard to be segmented. The proposed method segments intestine regions by 3D FCN (3D U-Net). Intestine regions are quite difficult to be segmented in ileus cases since the inside the intestine is filled with liquids. These liquids have similar intensities with intestinal wall on 3D CT volumes. We segment the intestine regions by using 3D U-Net trained by a weak annotation approach. Weak-annotation makes possible to train the 3D U-Net with small manually-traced label images of the intestine. This avoids us to prepare many annotation labels of the intestine that has long and winding shape. Each intestine segment is volume-rendered and colored based on the distance from its endpoint in volume rendering. Stenosed parts (disjoint points of an intestine segment) can be easily identified on such visualization. In the experiments, we showed that stenosed parts were intuitively visualized as endpoints of segmented regions, which are colored by red or blue.
Low-intensity (< 0.1 mW/cm2) yet long-term (> 2-3 days) photodynamic therapy(PDT), termed metronomic photodynamic therapy(mPDT), is attracting attention because of its superior selectivity for malignant tumors and safety for the surrounding normal tissues.
Because mPDT requires only a feeble light, the light source can be miniaturized and thus fully implantable in the human body by using the technology of wireless electric power supply.
These advantages suggest that mPDT can be applied to the tumors in internal cavities such as the brain, chest, and abdomen. We investigated the anti-tumor effect of mPDT using wirelessly powered fingernail size LED device which was sandwiched by tissue-adhesive nanosheets for suture-free fixation onto the tissue. The devices were implanted subcutaneously beneath small intradermal tumors on the back of mice. Mice moved freely in the cage which was placed on the antenna board for 12 days experimental period.
We used photofrin as the photosensitizer, and applied two separate colors of LED devices, red(λ=630nm) and green(λ=530nm), according to light absorbances by photofrin.
After ten days of treatment, mouse receiving mPDT achieved significant growth suppression of the tumor compared to the control group which carried non-functional device along with being placed on the antenna board. Unlike conventional PDT which is confined to use red light by optical fibers, mPDT employing green light led even stronger anti-tumor effect than red. These results showed that mPDT using implantable optoelectronic device could be applied to cancers in internal organs as a new treatment strategy.
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