Time-Resolved Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (TR-STXM) is a powerful element-specific spectromicroscopy tool to study dynamic magnetic processes for such as spintronics and magnonics applications. It provides sub-50 nm spatial resolution and picosecond, phase-resolved time sampling. In this presentation, I will introduce the TR-STXM technique, and describe the setup developed at the Advanced Light Source at Berkeley Lab [1]. TR-STXM on samples ranging from Py/Co microstructures [2], to magnetosomes [3,4] will be shown together with supplementing ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulations. The talk will be concluded with an outlook on Time-Resolved X-ray ptychography.
Research performed in collaboration with Helmholtz Center Berlin, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Research Center Jülich, SLAC National Accel. Laboratory, University of Duisburg-Essen, Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut Néel CNRS.
[1] T. Feggeler, et al. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2023. 267: 147381.
[2] T. Feggeler, et al. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12: 18724.
[3] T. Feggeler, et al. Phys. Rev. Res. 2021, 3(3): 033036.
[4] T. Feggeler, et al. New J. Phys. 2023, 25(4): 043010.
Understanding topological spin textures is important because of scientific interests and technological applications. However, observing nanoscale magnetization and mapping out their interactions in 3D have been challenging–due to the lack of nondestructive vector nanoimaging techniques that penetrate thick samples. Recently, we developed a new characterization technique, soft x-ray vector ptycho-tomography, to image spin textures with a 3D vector spatial resolution of 10 nm. Using 3D magnetic metamaterial as an example, we demonstrated the creation and observation of topological magnetic monopoles and their interactions. We expect this method to be applied broadly to image vector fields in magnetic samples and beyond.
Time resolved x-ray microscopy allows researchers to investigate variation of the electronic structure of a material during chemical, structural or magnetic changes with picosecond time resolution. In this talk we will show how such a microscope can be realized using a field programming gate array in combination with a fast point detector. We will show results based on an existing setup, e.g. movies of spin waves in confined magnetic structures with a periodicity of a few ns, but also describe how this method can be extended to dynamical processes with longer observation times using state of the art FPGA technology. Time resolved measurements with high spatial resolution will be an important part of research at future x-ray sources like e.g. ALS-U.
Ptychography is an emerging high resolution coherent imaging technique which can improve the resolution of current scanning transmission X-ray microscopy systems by over ten-fold. Development of this capability is underway at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, to establish sub-5 nm resolution ptychographic imaging with spatially resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. This is being achieved via an upgrade of the current soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope at beamline 13-1, involving the installation of an area detector and an interferometer system for high precision sample motor control. The undulator source on beamline 13-1 provides the spatially and temporally coherent X-ray beam required for ptychographic imaging in the energy range 500 – 1200 eV. This energy range allows access to the oxygen chemistry and the valence states of 3d transition metals found in energy storage materials, making soft x-ray ptychography a particularly powerful tool to study the chemical states and structure of battery materials at relevant length scales. The implementation of ptychographic imaging can therefore provide a wealth of additional information on battery operation and failure. Here we describe the development of this ptychography capability, along with its application to the study of energy storage materials.
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