Based on the nonparaxial moment theory of light beam propagation, the propagation characteristics of nonparaxial scalar Gaussian beam, nonparaxial TEM and TE vector Gaussian beams have been investigated. The results reveal that both the transversal beam widths follow a simple hyperbolic law upon propagation. The analytical expressions of the beam propagation factor, beam waist and far field divergence angle are presented, respectively. Furthermore, the formulae can be very concise for highly nonparaxial cases. TE or TM polarization will result in different propagating features in the two transversal directions. The maximum transverse divergence angles of nonparaxial scalar and vector Gaussain beams are different, which indicates that nonparaxial scalar Gaussian beam is no longer approximate at subwavelength scales. When extending to the paraxial case, the results obtained are slightly different from the formerly paraxial ones. Moreover, in this case the beam propagation factor will always be greater than unity. This research also denotes some properties of subwavelength optics.
We introduce the principles of multiple-beam interference in two optical interference structures-the rectangular cavity and the isosceles wedge with a large vertex angle-and prove that they both meet the requirements of interference. We also explain the equivalent and complementary effects of these two structures to Fabry-Pérot interference technology and discuss the distinctive characteristics and the possibility of application. Furthermore, we display our initial experimental results.
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