Previous research demonstrated that two-soliton interactions can lead to nonreciprocal soliton amplification, a mechanism that can accumulate energy for rogue wave formation as soliton interactions increase. The question arises whether three or more soliton collisions can lead to amplification or chaotic behavior, akin to the three-body problem in particle physics. Through experiments and simulations using a photorefractive potassium-lithium-tantalate-niobate (KTN:Li) crystal, our study explores multiple soliton collisions with strong nonreciprocal energy exchange. Chaotic dynamics and intense wave formation are observed after a collinear three-soliton collision. However, when an additional dimension without broken inversion symmetry is introduced, the solitons consistently fuse into an intense wave instead of exhibiting chaos. This insight highlights the role of dimensionality and nonreciprocal energy exchange in determining soliton behavior and rogue wave formation. The study underscores the analogy between solitons and particles, linking chaotic behavior in three-body physics to the emergence of rogue waves.
As KLTN undergoes its room-temperature transition from a cubic to a tetragonal phase, the emerging ferroelectric domains spontaneously lock into a three-dimensional highly organized lattice formed by 3D vortex-like structures. The result is a material, a ferroelectric supercrystal, with unexpected broadband optical properties, such as giant refraction. I will describe our explorations of enhanced nonlinear optical properties of the supercrystal, with emphasis on second-harmonic generation. Experiments indicate the emergence of a constraint-free wavelength conversion in the form of non-linear Cherenkov emission characterized by a broad angular and spectral acceptance, absence of chromatic walk-off, and negligible diffraction.
We present a compact, all solid-state THz confocal microscope operating at 0.30 THz that achieves super-resolution by using the knife-edge scan approach. In the final reconstructed image, a lateral resolution of 60 μm ≈ λ/17 is demonstrated when the knife-edge is deep in the near-field of the sample surface. When the knife-edge is lifted up to λ/4 from the sample surface, a certain degree of super-resolution is maintained with a resolution of 0.4 mm, i.e. more than a factor 2 if compared to the diffraction-limited scheme. The present results open an interesting path towards super-resolved imaging with in-depth information that would be peculiar to THz microscopy systems.
In this paper we describe recent progress in the study of scale-free optical propagation in super-cooled nonergodic
ferroelectrics. Our experimental and theoretical findings indicate that a regime can be found in which
diffusion-driven photorefractive effects can fully annul the diffraction of focused laser beams. This demonstrates
that diffraction can be systematically eliminated from an optical system and not simply compensated, with
fundamental implications for optical imaging and microscopy. The effect transfers directly from the paraxial
regime into the non-paraxial regime described by the Helmholtz Equation, and suggests a means to achieve the
propagation of super-resolved optical images. The result is a nonlinear-based metamaterial, even though the
underlying nano-structuring of the ferroelectric is random and the effect is both non-absorptive and wavelengthindependent
for a wide spectrum.
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